SUBFAMILY MYRMICINAE
|
|
The Ants of Africa SUBFAMILY MYRMICINAE |
Diagnostic Features - Pedicel of two segments, postpetiole usually distinctly separated from the gaster. Pygidium not impressed. Eyes usually present. Ocelli absent. Antennae 4- to 12-segmented. Frontal carinae totally or partially covering the antennal insertions. Clypeus projecting back between the frontal carinae. Tibial spurs of middle and hindlegs simple or absent.
As has already been mentioned (Chapter 5) the separation into Tribes is in some confusion. For instance, there is the scheme used by Hölldobler & Wilson (1990). That list seems incomplete, however, and some earlier separation remained - that is, Tribes OCHETOMYRMICINI, MYRMECININI and CATAULACINI (as in Bolton, 1973, and Bolton, 1994). Bolton (1994) had the Tribe FORMICOXENINI as including the Cardiocondylini and Leptothoracini. Bolton (1981a) noted that the Tribe MERANOPLINI (with Calyptomyrmex, Dicroaspsis from Central Africa, and Meranoplus) had been dissolved (citing work on myrmicine stings by Kugler, 1978) and that his earlier (Bolton, 1972) inclusion of Ankylomyrma in the Tribe was wrong. The question, however, was left unanswered - the Tribe went but no indication of any other placement was given and he wrote that Ankylomyrma had no affinities with the other three genera. For present simplicity, I have kept MERANOPLINI for Meranoplus and Ankylomyrma, as has Bolton (1995).
Bernard (1952) wrote how the classical studies by Mayr, Emery and Forel were in need of revision, especially as knowledge of males and larvae were throwing up useful characters. Now, the situation is much improved with many excellent generic and subgeneric revisions stemming from the work of Bolton, as follows:
Pyramica Roger, 1862a: 251. Type species: Pyramica gundlachi Roger, by monotypy. Pyramica junior synonym of Strumigenys: Roger, 1863b: 40; Dalla Torre, 1893: 145; Bingham, 1903: 147. Revived from synonymy as subgenus of Strumigenys: Brown, W.L. 1948e: 110. Junior synonym of Strumigenys: Brown, W.L. & Wilson, 1959b: 281; Brown, W.L. 1960c: 37. Revived from synonymy: Bolton, 1999. J. Nat. Hist., 33, 1667.
It still remains, however, that the two genera of greatest economic and ecological importance - Crematogaster and Pheidole - are in overwhelming need of revision.
Note: [December 2007] Fernando Fernandez has kindly sent me a copy of his revisionary study of Carebara. I had missed this because the title denotes it as being on "American species" and gives no indication of his synonymization of the genera Oligomyrmex, Paedalgus and Afroxydris. For the present, because of the work involved I am retaining the African members linked from the key below and the linked genus and species pages in the pre-Fernandez genera.
Illustrated key to Genera known from sub-Saharan Africa (text derived in greater part from Bolton, 1994) - comments relate only to genera from the subregion.
| 1 |  Postpetiole
articulated on dorsal surface of first gastral segment; the gaster in
dorsal view roughly heart-shaped and capable of reflexion over the
alitrunk. Petiole dorsoventrally flattened and without a node. Many
species, with wholly inadequate classification. Some (subspecies Atopogyne
polymorphic, size up to 7-8 mm), most monomorphic and small (2-3 mm).
Mostly arboreal. |
Genus Crematogaster |
| -- | Postpetiole articulated on anterior face of first gastral segment; the gaster in dorsal view not roughly heart-shaped, not capable of reflexion over the alitrunk. Petiole not dorsoventrally flattened, with a node of some form. | 2 |
| 2 | Antenna never terminating in a conspicuous, 2-segmented club. Either apical plus 2 preapical segments of antenna enlarged and forming a conspicuous, 3-segmented club, or less commonly the club with more than 3. Rarely the funiculus filiform and without a developed apical club. | 17 |
| -- |  Apical
and preapical antennal segments much larger than preceding funicular
segments and forming a conspicuous and usually very distinctive
2-segmented club. |
3 |
| - | Antennae with two-segmented club | - |
| 3 |  Mandibles
elongate and linear, produced into narrow projecting blades, each one of
which is much longer than broad. Mandibles never triangular or
subtriangular, never serially multidentate or denticulate. All small to
minute, largest ca 4 mm. |
4 |
| -- | Mandibles triangular or subtriangular, not produced into narrow projecting blades, apical (masticatory) margins usually serially multidentate or denticulate, but teeth sometimes reduced. | 7 |
| 4 |  Apex
of each mandibular blade either with a single, long tooth at the dorsal
apex subtended by a series of minute denticles, or with a series of
minute denticles only; always lacking an apical fork of 2 or 3 spiniform
teeth. |
Pyramica (subgenera Epitritus and Cladarogenys) |
| -- | Apex of each mandibular blade armed with a fork of 2 or 3 spiniform teeth set in a more or less vertical series, with or without intercalary teeth between the spiniform fork teeth (see next couplet). | 5 |
| 5 |  Apical
fork of mandible with 3 spiniform teeth; blade of mandible without
preapical teeth. Maxillary palp 3-segmented. Antennal scrobes absent,
the eyes dorsolateral. Petiole node with a pair of teeth or short
spines, postpetiole with lateral lamellate appendages. |
Microdaceton |
| -- |  Apical
fork of mandible with 2 spiniform teeth; blade of mandible usually with
preapical teeth. Maxillary palp 1-segmented. Antennal scrobes present,
the eyes ventrolateral. Petiole node unarmed, postpetiole with
spongiform appendages. |
6 |
| 6 |  Antenna
with 4 segments; one tramp species, TL 1.7-1.9 mm. |
Quadristruma |
| -- |  Antenna
with 6 segments; all small to minute, TL rarely > 2 mm; most from
leaf litter, a couple from soil/litter nests in tree crevices. |
Strumigenys |
| - | Mandibles triangular or subtriangular | - |
7 |
Antenna with 4-6 segments | 8 |
| -- | Antenna with 8-12 segments | 9 |
| 8 |  Spongiform
or lamellate appendages absent from petiole and postpetiole. Frontal
lobes confluent, situated centrally and high on dorsum of head. Mandible
with 4 teeth. Antennal scrobes absent. Anterior coxae much smaller than
the massively developed middle and hind coxae. Small (2-3.5 mm) species;
all specially adapted to living in tunnels under bark on living trees.
|
Melissotarsus |
| -- |  Spongiform
or lamellate appendages present on petiole, postpetiole, or both.
Frontal lobes widely separated, situated laterally on anterior half of
head. Mandible with more than 4 teeth. Antennal scrobes present.
Anterior coxae as large as or larger than the middle and hind coxae. All
small to minute, largest ca 4 mm |
Pyramica (subgenera Glamyromyrmex, Serrastruma, Smithistruma and Trichoscapa) |
| 9 | Antenna with 12 segments. | 10 |
| -- | Antenna with 8-11 segments. | 11 |
| 10 |  Palp
formula 5,3. Frontal lobes separated and median portion of clypeus
broadly inserted between them. Lateral portions of clypeus flattened and
prominent, fused to the raised projecting median portion of the clypeus
to form a shelf, which projects forward over the mandibles. Propodeal
lobes low and rounded, not connected to propodeal spines (when present)
by broad projecting lamellae. All small to minute, largest ca 3 mm.
|
Cardiocondyla |
| -- |  Palp
formula 2,2. Frontal lobes closely approximated and median portion of
clypeus reduced to an extremely narrow strip between them. Lateral
portions of clypeus not prominent, not fused to median portion, and not
forming a shelf; instead median portion of clypeus sharply raised
centrally and in the form of a narrow longitudinal ridge. Propodeal
lobes large and prominent, connected to propodeal spines by broad,
conspicuous lamellae. Very small species, ca 2 mm. |
Baracidris |
| 11 |  Anterior
clypeal margin with a single, long, anteriorly projecting median seta at
the midpoint of the margin. Clypeus strongly longitudinally bicarinate.
Propodeum always unarmed and rounded. Antennae 10-segmented. Variably
polymorphic; small to minute |
Solenopsis |
| -- | Anterior clypeal margin lacking a single, median seta; instead a pair of setae usually straddle the midpoint of the margin. Propodeum sometimes unarmed and rounded but usually with spines or teeth, or sharply angulate. Antenna with 8-11 segments | 12 |
| . | Now [November 2007] all regarded by Fernandez (2004) as in the single genus Carebara, except for the unresolved Pheidologeton | . |
| 12 | Antenna with 8 or 9 segments. | 13 |
| -- | Antenna with 10 or 11 segments. | 15 |
| 13 |  Propodeum
bidentate, bispinose, or sharply angulate in profile. Worker caste
dimorphic, without intermediates; all minute TL no more than 2 mm;
nesting in dead wood on ground or in leaf litter. |
Oligomyrmex (subgenus Oligomyrmex) |
| -- | Propodeum unarmed. Worker caste monomorphic. | 14 |
| 14 |  Eyes
absent. Mandible with 5 or 6 teeth. Promesonotum not marginate
laterally. All possibly nesting in termite hills and all small TL
1.6-2.5 mm. |
Carebara |
| -- |  Eyes
present. Mandible with 4 or 5 teeth. Promesonotum marginate laterally.
Minute, TL 1-1.5 mm, species; leaf litter dwelling and foraging |
Paedalgus |
| 15 |
 Mandible
with 2 teeth apically, the teeth followed by an elongate, very oblique,
edentate margin, which ends at the acute basal angle. With mandibles at
full closure there is a distinct gap between their inner borders and the
anterior clypeal margin. Minute, ca TL 1.5 mm, monotypic, known only
from two specimens, soil/deep leaf litter nesting. |
Afroxyidris |
| -- | Mandible with 4 or more teeth, which occupy the entire apical margin; without an elongate, oblique, edentate margin behind the two apical teeth. With mandibles at full closure without a gap between their inner borders and the anterior clypeal margin. | 16 |
| 16 |  Clypeus
longitudinally bicarinate on median portion. Worker caste dimorphic,
without intermediates; perhaps twelve species in genus; all minute TL no
more than 2 mm; nesting in dead wood on ground or in leaf litter. |
Oligomyrmex (subgenera Aneleus, 11-segmented antennae; Aeromyrma, 10-segmented antennae) |
| -- |  Clypeus
not bicarinate on median portion. Worker caste polymorphic with a graded
series of intermediates connecting minor to major workers. Best known
species (P. diversus) probably not from Africa; three species
from this region known only from queens or males. |
Pheidologeton |
|
Funiculus with three-segmented club or filiform | - |
| 17 |  Antenna
with 7 segments; propodeum bispinose; gaster typically held so that apex
pointing forward under the legs; weakly dimorphic; one small slender
species (TL ca 4 mm) is arboreal; others small (TL 5 mm), most quite
large (TL 7-10 mm) and soil dwelling, may forage on trees. |
Myrmicaria |
| -- | Antenna with 9-12 segments. | 18 |
| 18 |  Antenna
with 9 segments. Petiole sessile, without an anterior peduncle. Pronotum
and mesonotum fused into a laterally projecting shield, which overhangs
the sides of the alitrunk on each side and sometimes also overhangs the
propodeum posteriorly. All small (TL ca 2.5-3.5); soil nesting and
surface foraging, will climb trees to tend aphids. |
Meranoplus |
| -- | Antenna with 10-12 segments. Petiole usually with an elongate anterior peduncle; if not then the pronotum and mesonotum do not form a shield overhanging sides of the alitrunk. | 19 |
| 19 |  Median
portion of clypeus vertical, with a conspicuous anteriorly projecting
bilobed appendage above (the clypeal fork), which projects over the
mandibles from about the same level as the frontal lobes. |
20 |
| -- | Median portion of clypeus not vertical, without a bilobed appendage projecting over the mandibles from about the same level as the frontal lobes. | 21 |
| 20 |  Antenna
with 11 segments. Peduncle of petiole short and very thick in profile.
All body setae simple, without bizarre pilosity. TL about 3 mm. |
Dicroaspis |
| -- |  Antenna
with 12 segments. Peduncle of petiole elongate and narrow in profile.
Body setae bizarre; either spatulate, squamate, clavate, star-shaped, or
very short, thick, and stubbly with abruptly tapered points. All small,
TL 2-4 mm; from leaf litter, nesting in rotten wood. |
Calyptomyrmex |
| 21 |  Propodeal
spiracle long and narrow, its orifice slit-like. Mesothoracic spiracles
opening on dorsum of alitrunk. Mandible with at least the third tooth
from the apex, and usually the third and fourth teeth, double-ranked.
From dry desert to semi-desert. |
Ocymyrmex (South and East Africa) |
| -- | Propodeal spiracle circular to subcircular, very rarely oval but never long and narrow with a slit-like orifice. Mesothoracic spiracles concealed by a pronotal flap on the sides of the alitrunk. Without double-ranked mandibular teeth. | 22 |
| 22 | Antenna with 11 or 12 segments. | 24 |
| -- | Antenna with 10 segments. | 23 |
| - | Antenna with 10 segments. | - |
| 23 |  Sting
shaft with an apicodorsal, triangular to pennant-shaped lamelliform
appendage. Propodeal spiracle low on side and behind midlength, abutting
the metapleural gland, widely separated from the dorsal outline in
profile. Petiole with a long anterior peduncle. Palp formula 4,3. Small,
TL ca 3 mm. |
Decamorium |
| -- |  Sting
shaft without an apicodorsal lamelliform appendage. Propodeal spiracle
very high on side and slightly in front of the midlength, widely
separated from the metapleural gland, very close to the dorsal outline
in profile. Propodeum with prominent thick spines. Petiole subsessile,
with an extremely short, inconspicuous anterior peduncle. Palp formula
5,3. All polymorphic, quite large, TL 3-7 mm and 4-9 mm; two species
nest in dry dead wood on trees, the other is a specialist plant
internode nester. |
Atopomyrmex |
| 24 | Antenna with 12 segments | 34 |
| -- | Antenna with 11 segments | 25 |
| -- | Antenna with 11 segments. | 25 |
| 25 |  Antennal
scrobes present, running below the eyes. Dorsum of gaster consisting
entirely of the expanded first tergite, the remaining tergites visible
in profile below the posterior margin of the first. Almost all arboreal;
size ranging from quite large, TL 5-7 mm, foraging and homoptera tending
species, to small specialist stem inhabiters, TL ca 3 mm. |
Cataulacus |
| -- | Antennal scrobes either absent or present but running above the eyes. Dorsum of gaster not consisting entirely of the first tergite, the remaining tergites continuing the line of the first and visible in dorsal view. | 26 |
| 26 |  Frontal
lobes vestigial or absent so that the antennal articulations are exposed
and the depressed area containing the antennal sockets clearly visible.
Anterior clypeal margin armed with denticles. Small, TL ca 3 mm; from
forest and open woodland, nesting in dead wood. |
Pristomyrmex |
| -- | Frontal lobes present, covering most or all of the antennal articulations, the antennal sockets not fully visible in dorsal view. Anterior clypeal margin unarmed or with a pair of small teeth. | 27 |
| 27 |  Eyes
(may be very small and difficult to see) located behind midlength of
sides of head. Median portion of clypeus raised and produced forward as
a large, shield-like lobe projecting strongly over the mandibles. Tibiae
and basitarsi of middle and hind legs terminating in a number of
peg-like, stout spines |
Metapone |
| -- | Eyes located at or in front of the midlength of the sides of the head, or sometimes absent. Median portion of clypeus not produced forward as a large, shield-like lobe projecting strongly over the mandibles. Tibiae and basitarsi of middle and hind legs not terminating in peg-like, stout spines | 28 |
| 28 | Maxillary palp with 1 or 2 segments. Propodeum rounded to angulate, never armed with differentiated teeth or spines. Anterior clypeal margin with a single median seta. Antennal scrobes always absent and mandible with only 4 teeth. | 29 |
| -- | Maxillary palp with 3-5 segments. Propodeum bidentate or bispinose. Anterior clypeal margin without a single median seta, usually with a pair of setae that straddle the midline. Antennal scrobes frequently, but not always, present and mandible usually with 5 or more teeth. | 31 |
| 29 |  Eyes
absent. Propodeal spiracle enormously enlarged, circular. Frontal lobes
closely approximated and median portion of clypeus narrow posteriorly
between the lobes. Monotypic, small, TL 2.1-2.5 mm. |
Bondroitia |
| -- |  Eyes
present. Propodeal spiracle small, usually pinhole-like. Frontal lobes
widely separated and median portion of clypeus broad posteriorly between
the lobes. |
30 |
| 30 |  Median
portion of clypeus distinctly raised, strongly to weakly longitudinally
bicarinate. Postpetiole node less voluminous than petiole node in
profile and narrowly attached to the gaster. Seven species with
11-segmented antennae; all minute TL < 2 mm; possibly all arboreal.
|
Monomorium (part) |
| -- |  Median
portion of clypeus evenly transversely convex, not distinctly raised nor
longitudinally bicarinate. Postpetiole node much more voluminous than
petiole node in profile and very broadly attached to gaster (monotypic -
South Africa) |
Diplomorium |
| 31 | Mandible with 4 or 5 teeth or denticles in total, the basal tooth generally concealed by the anterior clypeal margin. Sting acute apically, not terminating in a lamellate, spatulate, or dentiform appendage. | 32 |
| -- | Mandible with 6 or more teeth or denticles, usually with at least 7. Sting terminating in an apical or apicodorsal lamellate, spatulate, or dentiform appendage. | 33 |
| 32 |  Frontal
carinae and antennal scrobes present. Palp formula 3,2. Petiole with an
anterior peduncle. Nodes of petiole and postpetiole without spines or
tubercles. One pantropical tramp species (ex-South America); minute, TL
< 2 mm. |
Wasmannia |
| -- |  Frontal
carinae and antennal scrobes absent. Palp formula 5,3. Petiole sessile,
without an anterior peduncle. Nodes of petiole and postpetiole with
spines or tubercles. One species with 11-segmented antennae; minute, TL
< 2 mm; inhabits plant stems. |
Nesomyrmex (part) |
| 33 |  Lateral
portions of clypeus not raised into a narrow ridge or wall in front of
the antennal insertions. Median portion of clypeus narrow and
bicarinate, narrowly inserted between frontal lobes. Mandible armed with
10-14 teeth which decrease in size from apex to base. Promesonotum in
profile with a swollen and dome-like outline. Small, TL ca 4 mm; from
forest leaf litter. |
Cyphoidris |
| -- |  Lateral
portions of clypeus raised into a narrow ridge or wall in front of the
antennal insertions. Median portion of clypeus broad, not bicarinate,
broadly inserted between frontal lobes. Mandible armed with 2 or 3
enlarged teeth apically, followed by a row of at least 4 smaller
denticles, sometimes more. Promesonotum in profile without a swollen and
dome-like outline. |
34 |
| 34 |  Palp
formula 3,2. Head heart-shaped in full-face view. Median portion of
clypeus with a prominent, arcuate anterior margin, which overlaps the
basal angle of the mandible. Antennal scrobes always absent. Ventral
margin of petiole keel-like. Eyes behind midlength of sides of head.
Small, TL ca 3 mm, species with eleven segmented antennae,
soil-inhabiting. |
Rhoptromyrmex (part) |
| -- |  Palp
formula usually 4,3, only very rarely reduced. Head not heart-shaped in
full-face view. Median portion of clypeus without a prominent, arcuate
anterior margin. Antennal scrobes usually, but not always, present.
Ventral margin of petiole not keel-like. Eyes at, or somewhat in front
of, midlength of sides of head. Minute, TL < 2 mm, species with
branched hairs (from former Triglyphothrix) and small species
without branched hairs (former Xiphomyrmex). |
Tetramorium (part) |
|
12 segmented antennae | - |
| 35 | Dorsum of petiole node at least bidentate, some armed with a pair of sharp spines. | 36 |
| -- | Dorsum of petiole node unarmed or indented medially, lacking sharp spines. | 38 |
| 36 |  All
of visible portion of gaster consisting of the first tergite, which is
massively enlarged and subglobose, ball-like but with an anteroventral
orifice within which the remaining gastral segments are telescoped. Eyes
at extreme posterior corners of head. Clypeus projecting far forward and
almost concealing the mandibles. Monotypic, large, TL ca 6.5 mm, and
arboreal. |
Ankylomyrma |
| -- | Gaster composed of 4 visible tergites and sternites which decrease in size posteriorly, the gaster with the first tergite not massively enlarged and ball-like. Eyes not at extreme posterior corners of head. Clypeus not projecting far forward over the mandibles. | 37 |
| 37 |  Occipital
corners of head evenly broadly rounded in full-face view. Ventral
surface of alitrunk with a very deep, broad pit between the hind coxae.
Ventral margin of sides of metapleuron eroded in front of the
metapleural gland bulla. Polymorphic species, the propodeum armed with a
pair of long spines; large, TL up to 9 mm; arboreal. |
Atopomyrmex (part) |
| -- |  Occipital
corners of head angulate to denticulate in full-face view. Ventral
surface of alitrunk without a deep, broad pit between the hind coxae.
Ventral margin of sides of metapleuron not eroded in front of
metapleural gland bulla but with a conspicuous, broad groove running
forward to the mesopleuron. Monomorphic species, the propodeum
bidentate. Medium to small species, TL from 4-6 mm; all arboreal. |
Terataner |
| 38 |  Lateral
portions of clypeus raised up into a sharp-edged ridge or shield wall in
front of the antennal insertions. |
39 |
| -- | Lateral portions of clypeus not raised up into a sharp-edged ridge or shield wall in front of the antennal insertions. | 40 |
| 39 |  Head
heart-shaped in full-face view. Ventral margin of petiole convex and
keel-like. Anterior clypeal margin strongly arcuate and prominent. Eyes
behind midlength of sides of head and propodeum unarmed. Small, TL ca 3
mm, species, soil-inhabiting but found on plants tending homoptera. |
Rhoptromyrmex (part) |
| -- |  Head
not heart-shaped in full-face view. Ventral margin of petiole never
convex and keel-like. Anterior clypeal margin not strongly convex nor
prominent. Eyes only rarely behind midlength of sides of head and
propodeum usually armed with a pair of spines or teeth. Small, TL 3-5
mm, species with branched hairs (among former Triglyphothrix);
and many species with simple hairs, almost all small. |
Tetramorium (part) |
| 40 |  Ventral
surface of head with a psammophore. Head massive and broad, CI > 90.
Mandibles massive, their outer margins strongly curved toward the
midline; sometimes edentate. Metasternal process large or very large,
conspicuous. Polymorphic species, TL 4-12 mm; soil nesting in savannah;
primarily seed-gathering |
Messor |
| -- | Ventral surface of head without a psammophore. | 41 |
| 41 |  Dimorphic,
with distinctive big-headed soldier morph. Soldiers with mandibles
powerfully constructed, armed with 2 large apical teeth followed by a
long diastema and then 1 or 2 (rarely 3) basal teeth. Two to 4
hypostomal teeth usually present on posterior margin of buccal cavity.
Palp formula 2,2 or 3,2 and clypeus lacking a long, unpaired median seta
on the anterior margin. Minor with moderately elongated triangular
mandibles, with apical large tooth and a series of small teeth ot
denticles. Numerous species mostly small to minute; in most habitats. |
Pheidole |
| -- | Mandible delicately constructed, armed with 3-5 teeth, serially dentate and decreasing in size from apex to base, not arranged as above. Hypostomal teeth absent from posterior margin of buccal cavity. If palp formula 2,2 then clypeus with a long, unpaired median seta on the anterior margin. | 42 |
| 42 |  Antennal
scapes long, easily surpassing occipital border; face more or less
ovoid, clypeus convex, without carinae, anterior border with median
notch; frontal carinae short, no scrobes; eyes prominent and convex set
about mid-point of face; propodeum with long narrow (occasionally
reduced); abundant long erect hairs. Former Macromischoides,
three species all arboreal and small. |
Tetramorium (part) |
| -- | Antennal scapes not surpassing occipital border; face generally rectangular. | 43 |
| 43 |  Midpoint
of anterior clypeal margin with a single, elongate seta, which projects
forward over the mandibles and is usually very conspicuous. Median
portion of clypeus concave to prominent anteriorly, usually overhanging
the mandibles, weakly to acutely bicarinate; lateral portions of clypeus
not expanded forward nor fused with the median portion to form a broad,
projecting shelf; maxillary palps usually with 1 or 2 segments, rarely
more; mandible with 3-5 teeth (usually 4); eyes usually quite small,
flat and set forward of midline of face; propodeum usually unarmed,
rarely angulate or bidenticulate. All small to minute; found in almost
all habitats. |
Monomorium (part) |
| -- |  Midpoint
of anterior clypeal margin without a single, elongate seta; instead
usually with a pair of short setae, one on each side of the midpoint
With the alitrunk in profile the mesonotum following the line of the
pronotum, not suddenly and steeply raised above the level of the
pronotum; mesonotum without a near-vertical, somewhat concave free
anterior face; dorsum with short stout erect hairs. All arboreal and
small. |
Nesomyrmex (part) |
| -- |  Median
anterior portion of clypeus without a prominent lobe and not overlapping
mandibles; transverse crest absent from stipe of maxilla; clypeus with
median carina |
Temnothorax |
 |
© 2007 - Brian Taylor CBiol
FIBiol FRES 11, Grazingfield, Wilford, Nottingham, NG11 7FN, U.K. |
href="myrmicinae.htm"