The Ants of Africa

			The Ants of Africa General and Ant Biology References - A to K
General and Ant Biology References - L to Z

Ackonor, J.B. (1983): The nest and nesting habits of the ant Cataulacus guineensis F. Smith (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in a Ghanaian cocoa farm. Insect Science and its Applications, 4, 267-283.
Ackonor, J.B. (1984): The activity pattern of the ant Cataulacus guineensis F. Smith (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in a Ghanaian cocoa farm. Insect Science and its Applications, 5, 307-324.
Adedeji, F.O. (1984): Analysis of nesting boundaries of some dominant ants in cocoa trees in Nigeria. Café Cacao Thé, 28, 43-46.
Adenuga, A.O. (1975): Mutualistic association between ants and some Homoptera - its significance in cocoa production. Psyche, 82, 24-28.
Adenuga, A.O. & Adeboyeku, K. (1987): Notes on distribution of ant-Homoptera interaction on selected crop plants. Insect Science and its Application, 8, 239-243.
Adjei, B. (1975): A study of the long-term effects of insecticides on insects associated with cocoa. pp. 119-123 in Proceedings of the 4th Conference of West African Cocoa Entomologists (Legon, Ghana), 1974.
Agbogba, C. (1984): Observations sur le comportement de marche en tandem chez deux espèces de fourmis ponérines: Mesoponera caffraria (Smith) and Hypoponera sp. (Hym. Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 31, 264-276.
Akotoye, N.A.K. (1975): Biology of Characoma stictigrapta Hamps. pp. 150-159 in Proceedings of the 4th Conference of West African Cocoa Entomologists (Legon, Ghana), 1974.
Babacauh, K.D. (1982): Rôle des communautés d'insectes et de l'eau dans la dissémination de Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) Butl. emend. Bras. et Griff. dans les cacaoyères de la Côte d'Ivoire. Café Cacao Thé, 26, 31-36.
Baroni Urbani, C. (1976): Réinterprétation du polymorphisme de la caste ouvrière chez les fourmis à l'aide de la régression polynomiale. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 83, 105-110.
Belshaw, R. & Bolton, B. (1993): The effect of forest disturbance on the leaf litter ant fauna in Ghana. Biodiversity and Conservation, 2, 656-666.
Belshaw, R. & Bolton, B. (1994b): A survey of the leaf litter ant fauna in Ghana, West Africa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 3, 5-16.
Bequaert, J. (1922): Ants in their diverse relations to the natural world. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 45, 333-583.
Beugnon, G. & Dejean, A. (1992): Adaptive properties of the chemical trail system of the African weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda Latreille (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Formicinae). Insectes Sociaux, 39, 341-346.
Bigger, M. (1973): Association analysis. pp. 120-125, in Annual Report of the Cocoa Research Institute, Ghana, 1971-2.
Bigger, M. (1975): Recent work on the mealybug vectors of cocoa swollen shoot virus. pp. 62-66 in Proceedings of the 4th Conference of West African Cocoa Entomologists (Legon, Ghana), 1974.
Bigger, M. (1981a): Observations on the insect fauna of shaded and unshaded Amelonado cocoa. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 71, 107-119.
Bigger, M. (1981b): The relative abundance of the mealybug vectors (Hemiptera: Coccidae and Pseudococcidae) of cocoa swollen shoot disease in Ghana. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 71, 435-448.
Bigger, M. (1993a): Time series analysis of variations in abundance of selected cocoa insects and fitting of simple linear predictive models. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 83, 153-169.
Bigger, M. (1993b): Ant-Homopteran interactions in a tropical ecosystem. Description of an experiment on cocoa in Ghana. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 83, 475-505.
Bodot, P. (1961): La déstruction de termitières de Bellicotermes natalensis par une fourmi, Dorylus (Typhlopone) dentifrons Wassmann. Comptes rendus de l'Acadamie des Sciences, Paris, 253, 2053.
Bolton, B., Gotwald, W.H. & Leroux, J.M. (1976): A new West African ant of the genus Plectroctena with ecological notes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annales de l'Université d'Abidjan, ser. E, 9, 371-381.
Booker, R.H. (1968): A list of insects and spiders associated with cacao (Theobroma cacao) in a plantation in Western Nigeria. Nigerian Entomologist's Magazine, 1, 80-86.
Bradshaw, J.W.S. & Howse, P.E. (1984): Sociochemicals of ants. pp. 429-473, In Bell, W.J. & Cardé, R.T. (Eds.) Chemical Ecology of Insects. Chapman & Hall, London.
Braun, U., Peeters, C. & Hölldobler, B. (1994): The giant nests of the African stink ant Paltothyreus tarsatus (Formicidae, Ponerinae). Biotropica, 26, 308-311.
Brown, W.L. Jr. (1957): Predation of arthropod eggs by the ant genera Proceratium and Discothyrea. Psyche, 64, 115.
Brown, W.L. (1973b): A comparison of the Hylean and Congo-West African rain forest ant faunas. pp. 161-185, In Meggers, B.J., Ayensu, E.S. & Duckworth, W.D. (Eds.) Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America, a review. Washington, D.C.
Campbell, C.A.M. (1979): Crematogaster spp., Oecophylla longinoda and the mealybug vectors of cocoa swollen shoot virus. pp. 133-136, In Mbondji, M. & Decazy, B. (Eds) Rapport de Synthese V^eme Conference des Entomologistes du Cacaoyer de l'Ouest-Africain, 13-18 Décembre, 1976. Onarest, B.P. Yaoundé, Cameroun.
Campbell, C.A.M. (1983): The assessment of mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) and other Homoptera on mature cocoa trees in Ghana. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 73, 137-151.
Campbell, C.A.M. (1984): The influence of overhead shade and fertilizers on the Homoptera of mature Upper-Amazon cocoa trees in Ghana. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 74, 163-174.
Campbell, C.A.M. (1990): The susceptibility of cocoa to mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) and other honeydew-producing Homoptera in Ghana. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 80, 137-151.
Campbell, C.A.M. (1994): Homoptera associated with the ants Crematogaster clariventris, Pheidole megacephala and Tetramorium aculeatum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on cocoa in Ghana. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 84, 313-318.
Carroll, C.R. (1979): A comparative study of two ant faunas: the stem-nesting ant communities of Liberia, West Africa, and Costa Rica, Central America. American Naturalist, 113, 552-561.
Collingwood, C.A. (1971): Cocoa capsids in West Africa. Report of the International Capsid Research Team, 1965-1971. Cocoa, Chocolate & Confectionery Alliance, London.
Collingwood, C.A. (1972a): Interaction between capsids and Oecophylla ants. pp 107-110 in Annual Report of the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, 1969-70.
Collingwood, C.A. (1972b): Ants in relation to damage in West African cocoa farms caused by the capsids Distantiella theobroma (Dist.) and Sahlbergella singularis Hagl. (Hem. Miridae). p 328 in Abstracts, 14th International Congress of Entomology, Canberra, 1972.
Colombel, P. (1972): Recherches sur la biologie et l'éthologie d'Odontomachus haematodus L. (Hym. Formicoidea, Poneridae): biologie des ouvrières. Insects Sociaux, 19, 171-194.
Cornwell, P.B. (1957): An investigation into the effect of cultural conditions on populations of the vectors of virus diseases of cacao in Ghana with an evaluation of seasonal population trends. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 48, 375-396.
Dade, H.A. (1927a): Economic significance of cocoa pod diseases and factors determining their incidence and control. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture, Gold Coast, 6, 7-59.
Dade, H.A. (1927b): Factors determining the incidence of diseases of cocoa pods. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture, Gold Coast, 7, 28-34.
Dejean, A. (1980): Le comportement de prédation de Serrastruma serrula Santschi (Formicidae, Myrmicinae), I: Capacité de détection des ouvrieres, analyse des phases comportementales. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, ser. 13, 2, 145-150.
Dejean, A. (1985): Étude eco-éthologique de la prédation chez les fourmis du genre Smithistruma (Formicidae-Myrmicinae-Dacetini). II. Attraction des proies principales (Collemboles). Insectes Sociaux, 32, 158-172.
Dejean, A. (1988a): Failure as an effective stimulus of a "reserve behaviour" which allows the capture of alternative prey by Serrastruma serrula workers (Formicidae, Myrmicinae). Insectes Sociaux, 36, 51-61.
Dejean, A. (1988b): La prédation chez Paltothyreus tarsatus (Formicidae, Ponerinae). Actes de Colloques Insectes Sociaux, 4, 156-164.
Dejean, A. (1991a): Le comportement prédateur de Pachycondyla soror. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 58, 123-135.
Dejean, A. (1991b): Adaptation d'Oecophylla longinoda (Formicidae - Formicinae) aux variations spatio-temporelles de la densité de proies. Entomophaga, 36, 29-54.
Dejean, A. (1991c): Gathering of nectar and exploitation of Aphididae by Smithistruma emarginata (Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Biotropica, 23, 207-208.
Dejean, A. & Corbara, B. (1990a): La capture des termites par Megaponera foetens (Formicidae, Ponerinae). Actes de Colloques Insectes Sociaux, 6, 157-164.
Dejean, A. & Beugnon, G. (1991): Persistent intercolonial trunk route-marking in the African weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda Latreille (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): Tom Thumb's versus Ariadne's orienting strategies. Ethology, 88, 89-98.
Dejean, A. & Benhamou, S. (1993): Orientation and foraging movements in a patchy environment by the ant Serrastruma lujae (Formicidae-Myrmicinae). Behavioural Processes B30, 233-243.
Dejean, A. & Feneron, R. (1993): Polygynie et forme de polymorphisme chez une Ponerinae. Actes de Colloques Insectes Sociaux, 8, 179-182.
Dejean, A. & Lachaud, J.-P. (1994): Ecology and behavior of the seed-eating ponerine ant Brachyponera senaarensis (Mayr). Insectes Sociaux, 41, 191-210.
Dejean, A. & Mony, R. (1991): Attaques d'arbres fruitiers tropicaux par les fourmis du genre Melissotarsus (Emery) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) associées aux homopteres Diaspididae. Actes de Colloques Insectes Sociaux, 7, 179-187.
Dejean, A. & Suzzoni, J.P. (1991): La prédation chez Plectroctena minor (Formicidae: Ponerinae). Actes de Colloques Insectes Sociaux, 7, 137-144.
Dejean, A. & Suzzoni, J.P. (1997): Surface tension strengths in the service of a Ponerine ant: a new kind of nectar transport. Naturwissenschaften, 84, 76-79.
Dejean, A., Akoa, A., Djieto-Lordon, C. & Lenoir, A. (1994a): Mosaic ant territories in an African secondary rain forest (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Sociobiology, 23, 275-292.
Dejean, A., Belin, M. & McKey, D. (1992): Les relations plantes-fourmis dans la canopée. In Hallé, F. & Pascal, O., eds. Biologie d'une canopée de forêt équatoriale. II. Rapport de Mission: Radeau des Cimes Octobre-Novembre 1991, Réserve de Campo, Cameroun, Paris, Fondation Elf.
Dejean, A., Beugnon, G. & Lachaud, J.-P. (1993a): Spatial components of foraging behavior in an African ponerine ant, Paltothyreus tarsatus. Journal of Insect Behavior, 6, 271-285.
Dejean, A., Fawty, N., Djob Bikoi, J. & Djieto Lordon, C. (1993b): La mosaique des fourmis dans deux palmeraies de la province du sud-ouest, Cameroun. Actes de Colloques Insectes Sociaux, 8, 25-30.
Dejean, A., Lachaud, J.-P. & Beugnon, G. (1993c): Efficiency in the exploitation of patchy environments by the ponerine ant Paltothyreus tarsatus: an ecological consequence of the flexibility of prey capture behaviour. Journal of Ethology, 11, 43-53.
Dejean, A., Lenoir, A. & Godzinska, E.J. (1994b): The hunting behaviour of Polyrhachis laboriosa, a non-dominant arboreal ant of the African equatorial forest (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Formicinae). Sociobiology, 23, 293-313.
Dejean, A., Masens, D., Kanika, K., Nsudi, M. & Buka, M. (1984): Première approche des modalités du retour au nid chez les ouvrières, chasseresses d'Odontomachus troglodytes Santschi (Formicidae, Ponerinae). Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux (L'Union Internationale pour l'Étude des Insectes Sociaux, Section françaises, Compte Rendu Colloque Annuel, Les Eyzies, 1983) 1, 39-47.
Dejean, A., Masens, D., Kanika, K., Nsudi, M. & Gunumina, R. (1986): Les termites et les fourmis, animaux dominants de la faune du sol de plusieurs formations forestières et herbeuses du Zaïre. Actes des Colloques Insectes Sociaux (L'Union Internationale pour l'Étude des Insectes Sociaux, Section françaises, Compte Rendu Colloque Annuel, Vaison La Romaine, 1985) 3, 273-283.
Dejean, A., Nkongmeneck, B., Corbara, B. & Djieto-Lordon, C. (1991): Impact des fourmis arboricoles sur une pullulation d'Achaea catocaloides (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) dans les plantations de cacaoyers du Cameroun et étude de leurs homoptères associés. Acta Oecologia, 12, 471-488.
Delage-Darchen, B. (1971): Contribution a l'étude ecologique d'une savane de Côte d'Ivoire (LAMTO) les fourmis des strates herbacée et aborée. Biol. Gabonica, 7, 462-496.
Diomande, T. (1980): Les fourmis terricoles de forêt. Peuplement de la forêt de Téké. Annales de l'Universite d'Abidjan, ser. E, 13, 111-130.
Dufour, B. (1991): Place et importance des different èspeces d'insectes dans l'écologie du CSSV au Togo. Café Cacao Thé, xx, 197-204.
Eguagie, W.E. (1971): An ecological evaluation of the effects of spraying Gamma-BHC, Sevin and Sumithion for mirid control on cacao, Theobroma cacao L. in Western Nigeria. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of Nigeria, 3, 37-49.
Eguagie, W.E. (1973): A Crematogaster sp. (Hym: Formicidae) attacking Cola nitida (Sterculiaceae) in Western Nigeria. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 62, 527-531.
Eguagie, W.E. (1975): Predaceous ants (Hym: Formicidae) phytophagous on Theobroma cacao in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Plant Pathology, 1, 10-14.
Entwistle, P.F. (1972): Pests of Cocoa. Longman, London, 779 pp.
Evans, H.C. (1971): Transmission of Phytophthora pod rot of cocoa by invertebrates. Nature, London, 232, 346-347.
Evans, H.C. (1973a): New developments in black pod epidemiology. Cocoa Growers’ Bulletin, 20, 10-16.
Evans, H.C. (1973b): Invertebrate vectors of Phytophthora palmivora, causing black pod disease of cocoa in Ghana. Annals of Applied Biology, 75, 331-345.
Evans, H.C. & Leston, D. (1971).: A Ponerine ant (Hym., Formicidae) associated with Homoptera on cocoa in Ghana. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 61, 357-362.
Ewuim, S.C., Badejo, M.A., & Ajayi, O.O. (1997).: Ants of forest and fallow plots in Nigeria. Biotropica, 29, 93-99.
Fataye, A. & de Taffin, G. (1989): Lutte intégrée contre Pseudotheraptus devastans et espèces voisines. Oléagineux, 44, 525-527.
Firempong, S.K. (1975): The biology of the black citrus aphid, Toxoptera aurantii (Boy.), on cocoa in Ghana. pp. 146-149 in Proceedings of the 4th Conference of West African Cocoa Entomologists (Legon, Ghana), 1974.
Gerard, B.M. (1967): A review of 50 years applied entomology in Nigeria: tree crops. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Nigeria, pp. 25-38.
Gibbs, D.G. & Leston, D. (1970): Insect phenology in a forest cocoa-farm locality in West Africa. Journal of Applied Ecology, 7, 519-548.
Gilot, C., Lavelle, P., Blanchart, E., Keli, J., Kouassi, P. & Guillaume, G. (1995): Biological activity of soil rubber plantations in Côte d' Ivoire. Acta Zool. Fenn., 196, 186-189.
Gorenz, A.M. (1969): Spread of Phytophthora pod rot from the tree base to pods in the canopy. pp. 53-54 in Annual Report of the Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria, 1968-69.
Gotwald, W.H. Jr. (1974): Predatory behavior and food preferences of driver ants in selected African habitats. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 67, 877-886.
Gotwald, W.H. Jr. (1976): Behavioral observations on African army ants of the genus Aenictus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Biotropica, 8, 59-65.
Gotwald, W.H. (1978): Trophic ecology and adaptation in tropical Old World ants of the subfamily Dorylinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Biotropica, 10, 161-169.
Griffin, M.J., Idowu, O.L., Maddison, A.C., Taylor, B. & Ward, M.R. (1981): Sources of infection. pp. 75-95 in Gregory, P.H. & Maddison, A.C. (Eds) Epidemiology of Phytophthora on Cocoa in Nigeria. Phytopathological Paper No. 25, Commonwealth Mycological Institute.
Grönenberg, W. (1996): Neuroethology of ants. Naturwissenschaften, 83, 15-27.
Hall Cushman, J., Compton, S.G., Zachariades, C., Ware, A.B., Nefdt, R.J.C., & Rashbrook, V.K. (1998): Geographic and taxomonic distribution of a positive interaction: ant-tended homopterans indirectly benefit figs across southern Africa. Oecologia, 116, 373-380.
Hallé, F. & Pascal, P. (1992): Biologie d'une canopée de forêt équatoriale. II. Rapport de Mission: Radeau des Cimes Octobre/Novembre 1991. Reserve de Campo, Cameroun. Foundation Elf, Paris.
Haskins, C.P. (1941): Note on the method of colony foundation of the ponerine ant Bothroponera soror Emery. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 49, 211-216.
Hölldobler, B. (1979): Territories of the African weaver ant (Oecophylla longinoda [Latreille]): a field study. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 51, 201-213.
Hölldobler, B. (1984): Communication during foraging and nest re-location in the African stink ant, Paltothyreus tarsatus Fabr. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Ponerinae). Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 65, 40-52.
Hölldobler, B. & Lumsden, C.J. (1980): Territorial strategies in ants. Science, 195, 793-794.
Hölldobler, B. & Wilson, E.O. (1990): The Ants. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 700 pp.
Hölldobler, B. & Wilson, E.O. (1994): Journey to the Ants: a story of scientific exploration. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard, 228 pp.
Hollingsworth, M.J. (1960): Studies on the polymorphic workers of the army ant Dorylus (Anomma) nigricans Illiger. Insectes Sociaux, 7, 17-37.
Kemp, P.B. (1951): Field observations on the activity of Pheidole. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 42, 201-206.
Jackson, D.A. (1984): Ant distribution patterns in a Cameroonian cocoa plantation: investigation of the ant mosaic hypothesis. Oecologia, 68, 318-324.
Janzen, D.H. (1972): Protection of Barteria (Passifloraceae) by Pachysima ants (Pseudomyrmecinae) in a Nigerian rain forest. Ecology, 50, 147-153.

General and Ant Biology References - L to Z

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