The Ants of Africa

			The Ants of Africa General and Ant Biology References - L to Z
General and Ant Biology References - A to K

Lamborn, W.A. (1915): The agricultural pests of the Southern Provinces, Nigeria. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 5, 197-214.
Ledoux, A. (1950): mentioned by Bernard (1952) - a thesis on Oecophylla longinoda - no more details known.
Ledoux, A. (1952): Recherches préliminaires sur quelques points de la biologie d'Odontomachus assiniensis Latr. (Hym. Formicoidea). Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., 14, 231-248.
Lee, J.A. & Lee, R.L.G. (1977): Some anomalous behaviour of Oecophylla longinoda (Latr.)(Hym., Formicidae) in Southern Ghana. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 112, 4.
Lenoir, A. & Déjean, A. (1994): Semi-claustral colony foundation in the formicine ants of the genus Polyrhachis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 41, 225-234.
Leroux, J.M. (1977a): Densité des colonies et observations sur les nids de dorylines Anomma nigricans Illiger (Hym. Formicidae) dans la région de Lamto (Côte d'Ivoire). Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 102, 51-62.
Leroux, J.M. (1977b): Formation et déroulement des raids de chasse d'Anomma nigricans Illiger (Hym. Dorylinae) dans une savane de Côte d'Ivoire. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France, 102, 445-458.
Leroux, J.M. (1979a): Possibilités de scissions multiples pour les colonies de dorylines Anomma nigricans Illiger (Hymenoptéres Formicide) en Côte d'Ivoire). Insectes Sociaux, 26, 13-17.
Leroux, J.M. (1979b): Sur quelques modalités de disparition des colonies d'Anomma nigricans Illiger (Formicidae Dorylinae) dans la région de Lamto (Côte d'Ivoire). Insectes Sociaux, 26, 93-100.
Leston, D. (1970): Entomology of the cocoa farm. Annual Review of Entomology, 15, 273-294.
Leston, D. (1972): The natural history of some West African ants. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 108, 110-122.
Leston, D. (1973): The ant mosaic - tropical tree crops and the limiting of pests and diseases. PANS, 19, 311-341.
Leston, D. (1973-1974): Ants and tropical tree crops. (Abstract in) Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 38, 21.
Lévieux, J. (1965): Description de quelques nids de fourmis de Côte d'Ivoire (Hym.). Bulletin Societe Entomologique de France, 70, 259-266.
Lévieux, J. (1967): La place de Camponotus acvapimensis Mayr dans la chaîne alimentaire d'une savane de Côte d'Ivoire. Insectes Sociaux, 14, 313-322.
Lévieux, J. (1971a): Les fourmis de la savane de Lamto (Côte d'Ivoire): élements de taxonomie. Bulletin Institute fond. Afrique noire, 34, 611-654.
Lévieux, J. (1971b): Mise en évidence de la structure des nids et de l'implantation des zones de chasse de deux espèces de Camponotus à l'aide de radio-isotopes. Insectes Sociaux, 18, 29-48.
Lévieux, J. (1972a): Le rôle des fourmis dans les réseaux trophiques d'une savane préforestière de Côte d'Ivoire. Annales de l'Université d'Abidjan, ser. E, 5, 143-240.
Lévieux, J. (1972b): Comportement d'alimentation et relations entre les individus chez une fourmi primitive, Amblyopone pluto Gotwald et Lévieux. Comptes rendu hedomadaire Séance Acadamie des Sciences, Paris, 275D, 483-485.
Lévieux, J.. (1972c): Le microclimat de nids et des zones de chasse de Camponotus acvapimensis Mayr. Insectes Sociaux, 19, 63-79.
Lévieux, J. (1973a): Étude du peuplement en fourmis terricoles d'une savane préforestière de Côte d'Ivoire. Revue d'Ecologie et de la Biologie du Sol, 10, 379-428.
Lévieux, J. (1973b): Donneés écologique et biologiques sur le peuplement en fourmis terricoles d'une savane préforestière de Côte d'Ivoire. Bulletin de la Société Française d'Ecologie, 4, 31-36.
Lévieux, J. (1975): La nutrition de fourmis tropicales. I. Cycle d'activité et régime alimentaire de Camponotus solon Forel (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 22, 381-390.
Lévieux, J. (1976a): La structure du nid de quelques fourmis arboricales d'Afrique tropicale. Annales de l'Université d'Abidjan, ser. C, 12, 5-22.
Lévieux, J. (1976b): Étude de la structure du nid de quelques espèces terricoles de fourmis tropicales. Annales de l'Université d'Abidjan, ser. C, 12, 23-33.
Lévieux, J. (1976c): La nutrition des fourmis tropicales, III: Cycle d'activité et régime alimentaire d'Atopomyrmex mocquerysi André (Hymenoptera Formicidae, Myrmicinae). Annales de l'Université d'Abidjan, ser. E, 9, 338-349.
Lévieux, J. (1976d): La nutrition des fourmis tropicales, IV: Cycle d'activite et regime alimentaire de Platythyrea conradti Emery (Hymenoptera Formicidae, Myrmicinae). Annales de l'Université d'Abidjan, ser. E, 9, 352-365.
Lévieux, J. (1976e): La nutrition des fourmis tropicales, V: Éléments de synthèse les modes d'exploitation de la biocoenose. Insectes Sociaux, 24, 235-260.
Lévieux, J. (1976f): Densités et biomasses de Camponotus acvapimensis (Hym. Formicidae) dans une savane de Côte d'Ivoire. Terre Vie, 30, 264-275.
Lévieux, J. (1976g): Deux aspectes de l'action de fourmis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) sur le sol d'une savane préforestière de Côte d'Ivoire. Bulletin d'Ecologie, 7, 283-295.
Lévieux, J. (1979): La nutrition de fourmis granivores. III. Cycle d'activité et régime alimentaire, en saison des pluies, de Brachyponera senaarensis (Hym. Formicidae Ponerinae). Fluctuations saisonnières. Insectes Sociaux, 26, 232-239.
Lévieux, J. (1980): Rôle de Myrmicaria eumenoides (Gerstaecker) Mayr (Hym. Formicidae, Myrmicinae) dans les réseaux trophiques d'une savane préforestière de Côte d'Ivoire. Biologie Ecol. méditerr., 7, 191-192.
Lévieux, J. (1982a): A comparison of the ground dwelling ant populations between a Guinea savanna and an evergreen rain forest of the Ivory Coast. pp. 48-53 in Breed, M.D., Michener, C.D. & Evans, H.E. (Eds.) The Biology of Social Insects (Proceedings of the Ninth Congress of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects, Boulder, Colorado, 1982), Westview Press, Boulder.
Lévieux, J. (1982b): Quelques observations sur l'activité de nutrition en saison sêche de la fourmi Myrmicaria striata Stitz (Hymenoptera Formicidae, Myrmicinae) dans une savane préforestière de Côte d'Ivoire. Revue d'Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol, 19, 439-444.
Lévieux, J. (1983a): Mode d'exploitation de réssources alimentaires épigées de savanes africaines par la fourmi Myrmicaria eumenoides Gerstaecker. Insectes Sociaux, 30, 165-176.
Lévieux, J. (1983b): The soil fauna of tropical savannas. IV. The ants. pp. 525-540 in Bourlière, F. (Ed.), Tropical Savannas. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Lévieux, J. (1983c): Feeding strategies of ants in different West African savannas. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Social Insects of the Tropics, 2, 245-252.
Lévieux, J. & Diomande, T. (1978a): La nutrition de fourmis granivores, I: Cycles d'activité et régime alimentaire de Messor galla et de Messor (= Cratomyrmex) regalis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 25, 127-139.
Lévieux, J. & Diomande, T. (1978b): La nutrition de fourmis granivores, II: Cycle d'activité et régime alimentaire de Brachyponera senaarensis (Mayr) (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 25, 187-196.
Lévieux, J. & Diomande, T. (1982): Evolution des peuplements de fourmis terricoles selon l'âge de la végetation dans une forêt de Côte d'Ivoire intacte ou soumise a l'action humaine. Social Insects, 32, 128-139.
Lévieux, J. & Louis, D. (1975): La nutrition des fourmis tropicales. II. Comportement alimentaire et régime de Camponotus vividus (Smith) (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Comparaison Intragénérique. Insectes Sociaux, 22, 391-404.
Longhurst, C. & Howse, P.E. (1979a): Some aspects of the biology of the males of Megaponera foetens (Fab.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 26, 85-91.
Longhurst, C. & Howse, P.E. (1979b): Foraging, recruitment and emigration in Megaponera foetens (Fab.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Nigerian Guinea savanna. Insectes Sociaux, 26, 204-215.
Longhurst, C., Johnson, A. & Wood, T.G. (1979): Foraging, recruitment and predation by Decamorium uelense (Santschi) (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) on termites in southern Guinea savanna, Nigeria. Oecologia, 38, 83-91.
Longhurst, C.R., Baker, R. & Howse, P.E. (1980): A multicomponent mandibular gland secretion in the ponerine ant Bothroponera soror. Journal of Insect Physiology, 26, 551-555.
Longhurst, C., Bolwell, S., Bradshaw, J.W.S., Howse, P.E. & Evans, D.A. (1983): Multicomponent alarm pheromones from the poison gland secretion of Myrmicaria eumenoides and M. striata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). ?????
Maddison, A.C. (1981): Three-dimensional mapping of disease incidence. pp. 62-74 in Gregory, P.H. & Maddison, A.C. (Eds) Epidemiology of Phytophthora on Cocoa in Nigeria. Phytopathological Paper No. 25, Commonwealth Mycological Institute.
Maddison, A.C., & Idowu, O.L. (1981): The epidemic on sprayed cocoa at Owena. pp. 163-172 in Gregory, P.H. & Maddison, A.C. (Eds) Epidemiology of Phytophthora on Cocoa in Nigeria. Phytopathological Paper No. 25, Commonwealth Mycological Institute.
Majer, J.D. (1972): The ant mosaic in Ghana cocoa farms. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 62, 151-160.
Majer, J.D. (1975): A list of insects and other invertebrates associated with cocoa (Theobroma cacao) in a Ghana cocoa farm. pp. 89-101 in Proceedings of the 4th Conference of West African Cocoa Entomologists (Legon, Ghana), 1974.
Majer, J.D. (1976a): The maintenance of the ant mosaic in Ghana cocoa farms. Journal of Applied Ecology, 13, 123-144.
Majer, J.D. (1976b): The ant mosaic in Ghana cocoa farms: further structural considerations. Journal of Applied Ecology, 13, 145-155.
Majer, J.D. (1976c): The influence of ants and ant manipulation on the cocoa farm fauna. Journal of Applied Ecology, 13, 157-175.
Majer, J.D. (1993): Comparison of the arboreal ant mosaic in Ghana, Brazil, Papua New Guinea and Australia - its structure and influence on arthropod diversity. pp. 115-141 in La Salle, J. & Gauld, I.D. (Eds.) Hymenoptera and Biodiversity, CABI, Wallingford.
McGregor, A.J. & Moxon, J.E. (1985): Potential for biological control of tent species of ants associated with Phytophthora palmivora pod rot of cocoa in Papua New Guinea. Annals of Applied Biology, 107, 271-277.
McKey, D. (1984): Interaction of the ant-plant Leonardoxa africana (Caesalpinaceae) with its obligate inhabitants in a rainforest in Cameroon. Biotropica, 16, 81-99.
McKey, D. (2000): Leonardoxa africana (Caesalpinaceae) a complex of mostly allopatric species. Adansonia, 22, 71-109.
Miré, Ph. Bruneau de, (1966): Une affection du caféier Robusta dans l'ouest du Cameroun: la défoliation en mannequin d'osier. Café Cacao Thé, 10, 237-242.
Miré, Ph. Bruneau de, (1969): Une fourmi utilisée au Cameroun dans la lutte contre les mirides du cacaoyer Wasmannia auropunctata Roger. Café Cacao Thé, 13, 209-212.
Morley, D.W. (1953): The Ant World. Penguin, Middlesex, 191 pp.
Okaisabor, E.K. (1971): The mechanism of initiation of Phytophthora pod rot epiphytotics. pp. 398-404 in Proceedings of the 3rd International Cocoa Research Conference, Tafo, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana.
Okaisabor, E.K. (1972): The spread of Phytophthora pod rot disease by insects. Proceedings of the 4th International Cocoa Research Conference, Trinidad and Tobago, 1972.
Peacock, A.D. (1914): Entomological pests and problems of southern Nigeria. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 4, 191-220.
Peeters, C. & Crewe, R. (1985): Worker reproduction in the ponerine ant Ophthalmopone berthoudi: an alternative form of eusocial organization. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 18, 29-37.
Peeters, C. & Crewe, R. (1987): Foraging and recruitment in ponerine ants: Solitary hunting in the queenless Ophthalmopone berthoudi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Psyche, 94, 201-214.
Peters, M.K., Fischer, G., Schaaab, G. & Kraemer, M. (2009): Species compensation maintains abundance and raid rates of African swarm-raiding army ants in rainforest fragments. Biological Conservation, 142, 668-675.
Raignier, A. & van Boven, J. (1955): Étude taxonomique, biologique et biométrique des Dorylus du sous-genre Anomma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge, n.s. 4° (sciences zoologiques), 2, 1-359.
Robertson, H.G. (1999): Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Mkomazi. pp 3210336 In M. Coe, N. McWilliam, G. Stone & M.J. Packer (eds) Mkomazi: The Ecology, Biodiversity and Conservation of a Tanzanian Savanna. London: Royal Geographical Society (with the instiute of British Geographers). .
Robertson, H.G. (2000): Afrotropical ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Taxonomic progress and estimation of species richness. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 9, 71-84.
Robertson, H.G. (2002): Comparison of leaf litter ant communities in woodlands, lowland forests and montane forests of north-eastern Tanzania. Biodiversity and Conservation, 11, 1637-1652.
Room, P.M. (1971): The relative distributions of ant species in Ghana's cocoa farms. Journal of Animal Ecology, 40, 735-751.
Room, P.M. (1972a): The constitution and natural history of the fauna of the mistletoe Tapinanthus bangwensis (Engl. & K. Krause) growing on cocoa in Ghana. Journal of Animal Ecology, 41, 519-535.
Room, P.M. (1972b): The fauna of the mistletoe Tapinanthus bangwensis (Engl. & K. Krause) growing on cocoa in Ghana: relationships between fauna and mistletoe. Journal of Animal Ecology, 41, 611-621.
Room, P.M. (1973): Control of ants of pest situations in tropical tree crops; a strategy for research and development. Papua New Guinea Agricultural Journal, 24, 98-103.
Schneirla, T.C. (1971): Army Ants: a study in social organisation. H.R. Topoff (Ed.), W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, 349 pp.
Schulz, A. & Wagner, T. (2002): Influence of forest type and tree species on canopy ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Budongo Forest, Uganda. Oecologia, 133, 224-232.
Strickland, A.H. (1948): Coccids attacking cacao (Theobroma cacao, L.) in West Africa, with descriptions of five new species. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 38, 497-523.
Strickland, A.H. (1951a): The entomology of swollen shoot of cocoa. I. The insect species involved, with notes on their biology. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 41, 725-748.
Strickland, A.H. (1951b): The entomology of swollen shoot of cocoa. II. The bionomics and ecology of the species involved. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 42, 65-103.
Soulié, J. (1967): Un nid de Camponotus (Orthonomyrmex) vividus récolté en basse Côte d'Ivoire (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bulletin Société Histoire naturelle Toulouse, 103, 7-18.
Suzzoni, J-P., Kenne, M. & Déjean, A. (1994): The ecology and distribution of Myrmicaria opaciventris. pp. 133-150 in Williams, D.F. (Ed.). Exotic ants: biology, impact and control of introduced species. Westview Press, Oxford, England.
Suzzoni, J-P., Schatz, B. & Déjean, A. (2000): Essential and alternative prey in a ponerine ant: variations according to the colony life cycle. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sciences de la vie, 323, 1003-1008.
Taylor, B. (1975): The role of an entomologist in the International Black Pod Research Project. pp. 52-55 in Proceedings of the 4th Conference of West African Cocoa Entomologists (Legon, Ghana), 1974.
Taylor, B. (1977): The ant mosaic on cocoa and other tree crops in Western Nigeria. Ecological Entomology, 2, 245-255.
Taylor, B. (1981): Ant species recorded on cocoa trees in Western Nigeria. pp. 182-184, in Gregory, P.H. & Maddison, A.C. (Eds) Epidemiology of Phytophthora on Cocoa in Nigeria. Phytopathological Paper No. 25, Commonwealth Mycological Institute.
Taylor, B. & Adedoyin, S.F. (1978): The abundance and inter-specific relations of common ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on cocoa farms in Western Nigeria. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 68, 105-121.
Taylor, B. & Adedoyin, S.F. (1981): A general view of ant biology in relation to cocoa. pp. 132-144, in Gregory, P.H. & Maddison, A.C. (Eds) Epidemiology of Phytophthora on Cocoa in Nigeria. Phytopathological Paper No. 25, Commonwealth Mycological Institute.
Taylor, B. & Griffin, M.J. (1981): The role and relative importance of different ant species in the dissemination of black pod disease of cocoa. pp. 114-131 in Gregory, P.H. & Maddison, A.C. (Eds) Epidemiology of Phytophthora on Cocoa in Nigeria. Phytopathological Paper No. 25, Commonwealth Mycological Institute.
Taylor, D.J. (1958): Effect of dieldrin on ant activity. pp. 37-39 in West African Cocoa Research Institute Annual Report, 1956-57.
Terron, G. (1977): Évolution des colonies de Tetraponera anthracina Santschi (Formicidae Pseudomyrmecinae) avec reines. Bull. Biol. France Belg., 111, 115-181. .
Tshiguvho, T.E., Dean, W.R.J. & Robertson, H.G. (1999): Conservation value of road verges in the semi-arid Karoo, South Africa: ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as bio-indicators. Biodiversity and Conservation, 8, 1683-1695.
Walker, K.L. (2006): Impact of the Little Fire Ant, Wasmannia auropunctata, on native forest ants in Gabon. Biotropica, 38, 666-673.
Warburg, O. (1892): Ueber ameisenpflanzen. Biol. Centralbl., 12, 129-142.
Watt, A.D., Stork, N.E., McBeath, C., & Lawson, G.L. (1997): Impact of forest management on insect abundance and damage in a lowland tropical forest in southern Cameroon. Journal of Applied Ecology, 34, 985-998.
Watt, A.D., Stork, N.E. & Bolton, B. (2002): The diversity and abundance of ants in relation to forest disturbance and plantation establishment in southern Cameroon. Journal of Applied Ecology, 39, 18-30.
Way, M.J. (1955): Studies of the life history and ecology of the ant Oecophylla longinoda Latreille. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 45, 93-112. .
Yanoviak, S.P., Fisher, B.L. & Alonso, A. (2007): Arboreal ant diversity (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in a central African forest. African Journal of Ecology, 46, 60-66 [http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ScientificPublications/pdfs/6635CA27-FE36-4EDF-9850-E71E752CBB0C.pdf].

General and Ant Biology References - A to K

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