Treatment:nomenclature
[name] adsita-groupdiagnosis
[p] DIAGNOSIS OF WORKER
[p]Apical fork of mandible with 3 spiniform teeth: apicodorsal tooth is subtended by a smaller apicomedian tooth, which itself is subtended by a denticle and the apicoventral tooth, which is similar in size to the apicomedian tooth; intercalary denticle cannot be seen when the mandibles are closed. Mandible with 1 spiniform preapical tooth, located at about the distal third of the length. Mandible in full face view short (MI 29 - 35), narrowly linear and outcurved; dorsum, proximal of the preapical tooth, slightly concave
[p]Funicular segments 2 and 3 of antenna small and often difficult to discern
----- Page 624 -----[p]Leading edge of scape a dorsoventrally flattened convex lamella.
[p]Upper scrobe margins in full-face view widely divergent behind the frontal lobes.
[p]Spongiform appendages of petiole a narrow strip; lateral lobes absent. Postpetiole with lateral and ventral lobes. Infradental lamella of propodeum well developed into a wide strip below the triangular propodeal spines.
[p]Pilosity. Spatulate to spoon-shaped hairs present on dorsum of head behind clypeus, anterior clypeal margin, lateral clypeal margins, upper scrobe margins (curved anteriorly) and leading edges of scapes (curved toward scape apex). Dorsal surfaces of mandibles with elongate filiform hairs that are directed towards the midline. Dorsal surface of postpetiole, and gaster with spatulate to spoon-shaped hairs; entire body lacking flagellate hairs.
[p]Sculpture. Fine dense reticulate-punctate sculpture blankets the entire dorsum of the head, alitrunk and petiole; postpetiole and gaster more or less unsculptured except for basigastral costulae.
[p]Glands. Gland of scape near the apex on the ventral surface not apparent. Apicofemoral gland bola not visible. Apicotibial gland bola visible but not distinct on hind and midtibia. Gland at base of fortibial spur not visible. Apicotarsal glands not visible. Mesopleural hair-filled gland visible and set in a narrow circular notch.
diagnosis
[p] S. adsita is most similar to species in the arnoldi- and emmae-groups. S. adsita differs from the emmae-group in having 6 antennal segments. S. adsita differs from the arnoldi-group in having the apical fork consist of 3 spiniform teeth with an intercalary denticle between the apicoventral tooth and center tooth. The antenna with six segments, structure of antennal scape, and the mandibular dentition distinguished the adsita-group from other Strumigenys in Madagascar.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys adsita [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Figs 381, 409)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.1 , HL 0.48, HW 0.44, CI 91, ML 0.14, MI 29, SL 0.25, SI 58, PW 0.28, AL 0.51. Characters of adsita-group. Blade of mandible with 1 spiniform tooth located at about the distal third of the blades length. Apicodorsal spiniform tooth is subtended by a smaller spiniform tooth which itself is subtended by one denticle and a spiniform apicoventral tooth which is similar in size as middle apical spiniform tooth. Intercalary denticle cannot be seen when the mandibles are closed. Cephalic dorsum including clypeus, upper scrobe margin, dorsum of alitrunk, including lateral margin of declivity, petiole, postpetiole, and gaster blanketed with spatulate to spoon-shaped hairs that are similar to the hairs on leading edge of scape. Dorsum of head, alitrunk dorsum and sides, and petiole reticulate-punctate. In profile, promesonotal dorsum very shallowly convex; propodeal dorsum sloping posteriorly to the declivity. Posterior promesonotum meeting sides in a blunt margin. In profile, spongiform lamella continuous along propodeal declivity. In profile, peduncle of petiole with a broad translucent keel ventrally; spongiform tissue limited to a narrow strip at apex of the keel. In profile, ventral spongiform material on postpetiole forming a hollow triangular projection. Base of first gastral tergite with basal costulae radiating medially on each side of a central clear area. Color pale brown.
[p]
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 1.9 - 2.1, HL 0.46 - 0.49, HW 0.41 - 0.44, CI 86 - 94, ML 0.14 - 0.16, MI 29 - 35, SL 0.24 - 0.27, SI 56 - 64, PW 0.27 - 0.28, AL 0.49 - 0.56 (11 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: grassland near Forêt Ankazomivady, 28 km SSW Ambositra, 1670 m, 20 deg. 46 min. 30 seg. S, 47 deg. 10 min. 6 seg. E, 12 Jan 1998, grassland, nest in soil in 2 adjoining cells, 9.5 cm from surface, found by digging, SAM#011222 (H.G. Robertson) (SAM).
[p]Paratypes. 20 workers and 5 queens (4 alate and 1 dealate) with same data as holotype (BMNH, MCZ).
diagnosis
[p]The enormously expanded keel of the peduncle makes adsita one of the most easily recognized Malagasy Strumigenys. In addition, the apical fork of mandible is composed of 3 spiniform teeth with an intercalary denticle between the ventral tooth and middle tooth. These character coupled with the presence of spoon-shaped hairs on all dorsal surfaces and the triangular and hollow ventral spongiform tissue of the post-petiole should make confusion of adsita with any other species impossible.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] apios-groupdescription:
[p]DIAGNOSIS OF WORKER
[p]Mandible in full-face view with blades almost straight and at full closure parallel.
[p]Dentition of mandibles. Apical fork of mandible with three spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles, ventral apical tooth shortest. Preapical teeth absent. MI 54 - 68.
[p]Scape slender and subcylindrical, SI 119 - 138.
[p]Labral range-finder/trigger-hair paired, combined, and directed apically.
[p]Preocular notch is vestigial or absent.
[p]Ventral preocular impression in the head absent.
[p]Eye with maximum diameter exceeding, the maximum width of the scape.
[p]Glands. Gland of scape visible as an elongate patch of pale tissue along the midsection of the ventral scape. Apicofemoral gland decreasing in size from hind femur where it is easily visible to the profemur where it is minute to absent. Apicotibial gland bola absent on all tibia of workers (apios) or present on hind and fortibia (agra). Gland at base of fortibial spur conspicuous. Apicotarsal glands visible on at least first three tarsi, decreasing in size from basal tarsi where it is elongate to the third tarsal segment where it is oval. Mesopleural hair-filled gland visible and set in a narrow circular notch or a broad concave impression.
[p]Spongiform appendages of petiole absent. Postpetiole with a reduced or absent ventral and lateral lobes; spongiform collar present.
[p]Pilosity. Pronotal humerus usually without, a projecting specialized hair. Dorsolateral margin of head never possessing a freely projecting hair near level of apex of scrobe; upper scrobe margin without row of hairs. Cephalic ground-pilosity scale-like. Cephalic dorsum with 4 standing hairs, arranged as a transverse row near occipital margin; vertex without standing pair of hairs. Dorsum of thorax without standing hairs. First gastral tergite with standing hairs which are simple or slightly thickened apically.
[p]Sculpture. Head, alitrunk dorsum and petiole reticulate-punctate. Gaster unsculptured except for basigastral costulae.
diagnosis
[p]S. agra and apios are easily distinguished from all other Malagasy species of Strumigenys by the combination of long cylindrical scapes, apical fork of mandible composed of 3 spiniform teeth, preapical teeth usually absent, propodeal spines long, slender and recurved and the absence of a preocular notch. The 2 species included here are convergent on the southeast Asian szalayi-group and the kraepelini-complex of the mayri-group but are clearly derived from Malagasy grandidieri-group.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys agra [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Figs 389, 410)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 4.9, HL 1.13, HW 0.76, CI 67, ML 0.69, MI 60, SL 0.92, SI 122, PW 0.45, AL 1.44. Characters of apios-group. Upper scrobe margins evenly and shallowly convex, rounding cleanly into the sides of the occipital lobes without trace of an angle, the two together forming a single evenly curved surface in full-face view. Eyes large, the maximum diameter of the eye distinctly greater than the maximum width of the scape. Antennal scapes long (SI 122) with their leading edges equipped with a row of slender hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Ventral gland of scape visible as an elongate patch of pale tissue along the midsection of the ventral scape. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with scale-like ground-pilosity; the upper scrobe margins without a row of hairs. Cephalic dorsum with 4 simple standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin. Mesopleural hair-filled gland set in circular notch. Dorsum of alitrunk without standing hairs. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk as on head. Posterior portion of mesonotum shallowly depressed below level of pronotum; propodeal dorsum concave. Propodeal teeth long, slender and curved anterolaterally; infradental lamella absent. Alitrunk dorsum and sides reticulate-punctate. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate and much longer than broad. Postpetiole reticulate-punctate.
----- Page 626 -----Spongiform appendages of pedicel absent. Postpetiole without distinct lateral and ventral spongiform lobes. Basigastral costulae fine and superficial; gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Dorsal surfaces of postpetiole with a pair posteriorly projecting simple hairs, and posterior margin of gastral segments with standing hairs which are simple or very slightly thickened apically. Colour chocolate brown.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 4.8 - 5.4, HL 1.24 - 1.35, HW 0.68 - 0.77, CI 53 - 58, ML 0.69 - 0.86, MI 54 - 68, SL 0.85 - 0.95, SI 123 - 133, PW 0.41 - 0.47, AL 1.33 - 1.51. As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, 15 deg. 34 min. S, 50 deg. 00 min. E, 825 m, 2.ix.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), rainforest, #976 (20)-10 (B. L. Fisher). (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 4 workers 1 queen (dealate) with same data as holotype but coded (28)-12, (45)-12, (46)-13, (49)-9, (29)-12. (BMNH, SAM).
diagnosis
[p]S. agra and apios are closely related and are immediately recognizable with their 3 spiniform apical fork, recurved spines, absence of spongiform tissue on a cylindrical-shaped petiole. S. agra is distinguished by its larger size, and chocolate brown colour.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys apios [author] Fisher[status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 4.0, HL 1.02, HW 0.60, CI 59, ML 0.59, MI 58, SL 0.80, SI 133, PW 0.36, AL 1.08. Characters of apios-group Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel. Apical fork of right mandible of 3 stout spiniform teeth, ventral apical tooth shortest; preapical teeth absent. Apical fork of left mandible with 2 stout spiniform teeth, small tooth present at base of ventral fork tooth; small subapical tooth present proximal of dorsal fork. Upper scrobe margins evenly and shallowly convex, rounding cleanly into the sides of the occipital lobes without trace of an angle, the two together forming a single evenly curved surface in full-face view. Eyes large, the maximum diameter of the eye distinctly greater than the maximum width of the scape. Antennal scapes long (SI 133) with their leading edges equipped with a row of slender hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum with appressed clavate to spoon-shaped ground-pilosity; the upper scrobe margins without a row of hairs. Cephalic dorsum with 4 simple standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin. Mesopleural hair-filled gland set in a concave impression. Dorsum of alitrunk without standing hairs. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk sparse. Posterior portion of mesonotum shallowly depressed below level of pronotum; propodeal dorsum gently sloping to declivity. Propodeal teeth long, slender and curved anterolaterally; infradental lamella absent. Alitrunk dorsum reticulate-punctate. Petiole node reticulate-punctate and much longer than broad. Postpetiole reticulate-punctate. Spongiform appendages of pedicel absent. Lateral and ventral spongiform lobes of postpetiole vestigial. Basigastral costulae fine and superficial; gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Dorsal surfaces of postpetiole with a pair posteriorly projecting simple hairs, and posterior margin of gastral segments with standing hairs which are simple or very slightly thickened apically. Colour yellowish brown
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 4. - .5, HL 1.01 - 1.13, HW 0.64 - 0.70 CI 62 - 64, ML 0.59 - 0.63, MI 56 - 62, SL 0.78 - 0.84, SI 119 - 129, PW 0.36 - 0.41, AL 1.07 - 1.19. As Holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 11.0 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 14 deg. 45 min. S, 49 deg. 27 min. E, 1565 m, 16.xi.1994, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), montane rainforest #1232 (28)-4. (B. L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 3 workers with same data as holotype, 2 workers with same data as holotype but coded (49)-3. (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: R.S. Manongarivo, 17.3 km 218 deg. SW Antanambao, 1580 m (B. L. Fisher); R.S. Manongarivo, 20.4 km 219 deg. SW Antanambao, 1860 m (B. L. Fisher); 6 km ESE Andasibe (=Périnet), 900 m (P.S. Ward).
discussion
----- Page 627 -----[p] Measurements of this material extends the range shown by the type-series: HL 0.99 - 1.17, HW 0.59 - 0.65, CI 55 - 62, ML 0.58 - 0.73, MI 59 - 62, SL 0.79 - 0.89, SI 128 - 138 (3 measured). The single specimen from Andasibe is slightly larger and narrower, has symmetric mandibles, apical fork of both blades with 3 stout spiniform teeth and no subapical teeth or denticles and sides of alitrunk with more extensive reticulate-punctate sculpture. Additional collections will be necessary to determine if this specimen represent a sibling species
diagnosis
[p]S. apios is distinguished from its close relative agra by its smaller size, and yellowish brown colour.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] arnoldi-groupdescription:
[p]DIAGNOSIS OF WORKER
[p]Mandible in full-face view short (MI 27 - 47); blade of mandible narrow, linear and outcurved in full-face view; the dorsum, proximal of the basalmost tooth, slightly concave.
[p]Dentition of mandibles symmetric; either with 3 or 4 teeth and denticles in total. In all species both mandible have 3 long teeth, one long preapical tooth and two apical spiniform teeth. In some species, a smaller tooth or denticle may be present between the long preapical tooth and the dorsal most tooth of the apical fork. When the 4th tooth is present, it is often weakest on the left mandible.
[p]Antennae usually 6-merous with funicular segments 2 and 3 small and often difficult to discern, or antennae 4-merous (micrans, schuetzi, lutron, levana).
[p]Leading edge of scape a dorsoventrally flattened convex lamella.
[p]Eyes very small or vestigial, usually with 4 or less ommatidia.
[p]Upper scrobe margins in full-face view widely divergent behind the frontal lobes.
[p]Ventrolateral margin of head without trace of a preocular notch, the margin continuos in from of the eye. Ventral surface of ahead without a preocular transverse groove but postbuccal groove is distinct.
[p]Promesonotum flat to slightly convex dorsally and bluntly marginate laterally.
[p]Glands. Scape gland absent (bathron, charino, dolabra, lutron, manga, micrans, mola, schuetzi, toma) or visible as a elongate patch near apex of ventral scape (abdera, alapa, heliani, levana). Apicofemoral and apicotibial gland bola absent on all femora and tibia of workers. Gland at base of fortibial spur conspicuous. Apicotarsal glands absent (alapa, bathron, toma) or visible on at least first three tarsi of fortarsi, decreasing in size from basal tarsi where it is elongate to the third tarsal segment where it is oval. Mesopleural hair-filled gland visible and set in a circular notch.
[p]Spongiform appendages of petiole usually well developed into a ventral curtain (narrow strip in abdera); lateral lobes present. Postpetiole with lateral and ventral lobes. Infradental lamella of propodeum usually well developed into a wide strip below the triangular propodeal spines (narrow in charino, micrans, mola).
[p]Pilosity. Head with curved spatulate to spoon-shaped or orbicular shaped hairs present on dorsum of head behind clypeus at least on anterior half (absent in abdera), anterior clypeal margin, lateral clypeal margins, upper scrobe margins (curved anteriorly) (short, simple appressed hairs in abdera), and leading edges of scapes (curved toward scape apex). Dorsal surfaces of mandibles with elongate filiform hairs that are directed towards the midline. Dorsum of head without erect hairs or with a transverse row of 4 hairs close to the occipital margin (abdera, alapa, charino, levana, lutron, manga, micrans, mola). Pronotum without a laterally projecting hair, or with a flagellate hair (micrans) or with a straight clavate hair (alapa, manga, schuetzi). Mesonotum without erect hairs, or with one pair on the mesonotum (abdera, alapa, lutron, manga, micrans, mola) or with two pairs (levana). Dorsal surface of postpetiole, and gaster with short filiform to narrowly clavate hairs; entire body usually lacking flagellate hairs (pronotal humeri with a flagellate hair in micrans).
[p]Sculpture. Fine dense reticulate-punctate to reticulate-granulate sculpture blankets the entire dorsum of the head; the pronotum reticulate-punctate and occasionally with longitudinal costulae; remainder of the dorsal alitrunk reticulate-punctate (propodeum not reticulate-punctate in manga); petiole with dense reticulate-punctate sculpture or with faint reticulate-punctate sculpture that is almost effaced. Gaster unsculptured except for basigastral costulae.
diagnosis
----- Page 628 -----[p]Members of this group are most similar to species in the emmae-, adsita- and dexis-groups but differ in mandibular dentition and hairs on upper scrobe margin. The upper scrobe margin not terminating at the posterior end with a more or less straight clavate hair (as in emmae-group), apical fork of mandible is never composed of 3 spiniform teeth with an intercalary denticle between the ventral tooth and middle tooth (adsita-group) and mandibles are symmetric with both blades either with 3 or 4 teeth (asymmetric in dexis-group). In addition, the arnoldi-, emmae-, and adsita-group can be distinguished from the dexis group by the following characters: eyes always small to minute (usually with 4 or less ommatidia) and the lower scrobe margin rounded, never forming a sharp ridge with ventral surface of head. In the dexis-group, eyes are usually conspicuous, never with 4 or less ommatidia, but if eyes small, then the lower scrobe margin marginate, forming a sharp ridge with ventral surface of head.
[p]The arnoldi-group is also very speciose in the Afrotropical region (see there). The group diagnosis above is somewhat modified from the Afrotropical, to give a best representation of the Malagasy fauna. Within this region, members of this group fall into 4 discrete complexes of related species.
[p]1) abdera-complex (abdera, bathron, charino, heliani, manga, mola). Each mandible with one spiniform preapical tooth. A smaller tooth or denticle is present between the long preapical tooth and the dorsal most tooth of the apical fork. The tooth is weakest on the left mandible and may be represented by a minute denticle. Antenna with 6 segments.
[p]2) alapa-complex (alapa, dolabra, toma). Right and left mandible blades with one spiniform preapical tooth each, without preapical denticles. Antenna with 6 segments.
[p]3) lutron-complex (levana, lutron, micrans). Each mandible with one spiniform preapical tooth. A smaller tooth or denticle is present between the long preapical tooth and the dorsal most tooth of the apical fork. The tooth is weakest on the left mandible. Antenna with 4 segments.
[p]4) schuetzi-complex (schuetzi). Right and left mandible blades with one spiniform preapical tooth each, without preapical denticles. Antenna with 4 segments.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys abdera [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Figs 382)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.9, HL 0.70, HW 0.65, CI 93, ML 0.31, MI 44, SL 0.37, SI 57, PW 0.38, AL 0.77. Characters of abdera-complex. Blade of mandible with 4 teeth: 2 preapical teeth and an apical fork of 2 spiniform teeth. Distal preapical tooth smaller than basal most preapical tooth and spiniform teeth. A small denticle is present at base of ventral apical tooth. Hairs on the dorsum of head posterior of frontal lobes and along upper scrobe margin are not similar in shape to hairs on leading edge of scape. Hairs along upper scrobe margin short, simple and appressed. In profile, promesonotal dorsum convex; propodeal dorsum convex anteriorly, sloping posteriorly to the declivity. Ground pilosity of dorsum of head posterior to frontal lobes and promesonotum consisting of numerous small scale-like to orbicular hairs, most of which are closely applied to the surface. Erect, short and narrowly clavate hairs present on head and alitrunk as follows: a transverse row of 4 across the cephalic dorsum close to the occipital margin, one pair on the mesonotum. Hairs on petiole, postpetiole, and gaster filiform to clavate. Postpetiolar disc with fine dense reticulate-punctate to reticulate-granulate sculpture. In profile, ventral spongiform lamella of petiole not well developed, tapering to a narrow strip near pedicle base. Propodeal teeth a blunt triangle and incorporated in the infradental lamellae. Infradental lamellae a narrow strip. Color pale brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKER. TL 2.8 - 3.0, HL 0.70 - 0.71, HW 0.65 - 0.68, CI 93 - 96, ML 0.29 - 0.31, MI 42 - 44, SL 0.36 - 0.38, SI 54 - 56, PW 0.37 - 0.40, AL 0.69 - 0.72 (4 measured). As holotype.
----- Page 629 -----materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 40 km S Ambalavao, Res. Andringitra 22 deg. 13 min. S, 46 deg. 58 min. E, 1275 m, 15.x.1993. sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), montane rainforest, #793 (47)-6 (B. L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 4 worker same data as holotype but coded (49)-6, (23)-8 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: 29 km SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady 1700 m (B.L. Fisher).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extends the range shown by the type-series: HL 0.63 - 0.67, HW 0.58 - 0.64, CI 90 - 96, ML 0.27 - 0.30, MI 43 - 46, SL 0.34 - 0.39, SI 57 - 61 (4 measured).
diagnosis
[p]S. abdera is easily distinguished from other species in the arnoldi-group by the presence of 2 preapical teeth and the absence of curved spatulate to spoon-shaped hairs on the dorsal surfaces of the head, alitrunk and petiole.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys alapa [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Fig. 383)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 1.7, HL 0.44, HW 0.38, CI 85, ML 0.14, MI 31, SL 0.23, SI 62, PW 0.23, AL 0.44. Characters of alapa-complex. Blade of mandible with 3 teeth: 1 preapical tooth and an apical fork of 2 spiniform teeth. Dorsum of head posterior of frontal lobes and along upper scrobe margin with spoon-shaped hairs that are similar in shape to hairs on leading edge of scape. In dorsal view, occipital angles without spoon-shaped hairs. Cephalic dorsum with a transverse row of 4 erect, short clavate hairs near occipital margin. Pronotal humeral angle with an erect stiff clavate hair. Mesonotum with a pair of short erect hairs, located at anterior margin. In profile, promesonotal dorsum very shallowly convex; propodeal dorsum shallowly convex anteriorly, sloping posteriorly to the declivity. Spongiform tissue well developed on declivity of propodeum, petiole and postpetiole. Propodeal teeth incorporated in the infradental lamellae. Infradental lamella broad, more than half as broad as ventral lamella of petiole. Color dull yellow to pale brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 1.7 - 1.9, HL 0.43 - 0.48, HW 0.36 - 0.39, CI 81 - 84, ML 0.13 - 0.15, MI 29 - 32, SL 0.23 - 0.26, SI 60 - 69, PW 0.21 - 0.24, AL 0.45 - 0.48 (4 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Toliara, Beza-Mahafaly, 27 km E Betioky, 23 deg. 38 min. S, 44 deg. 38 min. E, 135 m, 23.iv.1997, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), tropical dry forest #1476 (L.O.)-1 (B.L. Fisher) (MZC).
[p]Paratypes. 1 workers and 1 queen (dealate) with same data as holotype; 3 workers and 1 queen (dealate) with same data has holotype but coded (14)-1, (42)-1, (12)-1. (BMNH, SAM).
diagnosis
[p]S. alapa is distinguished from other species in the arnoldi-group by having:
[p]1) Head and upper scrobe margin with broadly spatulate to spoon-shaped hairs.
[p]2) Pronotal humeri each with a single stiff remiform to thickly clavate hair that projects laterally.
[p]3) In profile, alitrunk almost flat; mesonotum in profile without a deep depression posteriorly before meeting the propodeum.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys bathron [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.0, HL 0.47, HW 0.45, CI 96, ML 0.17, MI 36, SL 0.26, SI 58, PW 0.26, AL 0.48. Characters of abdera-complex. Blade of mandible with 3 teeth: 1 long preapical tooth and an apical fork of 2 spiniform teeth. Dorsum of head from posterior clypeal margin to occipital margin including occipital angles and along upper scrobe margin with spoon-shaped hairs that are similar in shape to hairs on leading edge of scape. Pronotal humeral angle and anterior margin of mesonotum without erect stiff hairs. Dorsum of petiole with a pair of broadly clavate to remiform hairs on posterior lateral margin. In profile, promesonotal dorsum
----- Page 630 -----convex; propodeal dorsum shallowly convex anteriorly, sloping posteriorly to the declivity. Cuticle on anterior half of propodeal declivity alveolate. Spongiform tissue well developed on declivity of propodeum, petiole and postpetiole. Propodeal teeth incorporated in the infradental lamellae, with only a small point projecting. Infradental lamellae broad, more than half as broad as ventral lamellae of petiole. Disc of postpetiole smooth; in dorsal view completely surrounded in spongiform tissue, forming a narrow band along anterior lateral angles. Color dull yellow to pale brown.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 1.8 - 1.9, HL 0.45, HW 0.43, CI 95 - 96, ML 0.15, MI 33 - 34, SL 0.22 - 0.24, SI 51 - 55, PW 0.23 - 0.25, AL 0.46 - 0.47 (2 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 6.5 km SSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 14 deg. 45 min. S, 49 deg. 30 min. E., 875 m, 19.x.1994. Sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), rainforest #1070 (L.0.)-15 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 2 workers with same data as holotype but coded (8)-9, (50)-1 (BMNH).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: 5 km SW Antalaha 50 m (G. D. Alpert); 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, Ambohitsitondroina 825 m (B.L. Fisher); 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe, 425 m (B.L. Fisher).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extends the range shown by the types series: HL 0.41 - 0.46, HW 0.41 - 0.43, CI 94 - 97, ML 0.13 - 0.16, MI 32 - 35, SL 0.22 - 0.23, SI 53 - 57 (4 measured). The sample from 6.9 km NE Ambanizana differs slightly in the diagnostic characters of the type material. In this single specimen, the clavate hairs on petiolar dorsum are broader and the ventral spongiform lamella on the petiole is narrower. Additional collection may reveal that this is actually a sibling species.
diagnosis
[p]S. bathron is distinguished from other species in the arnoldi-group with 6 antennal segments by having the cephalic dorsum with broad spoon-shaped to orbicular hairs present on posterior third, dorsum of petiole with a pair of broadly clavate to remiform hairs; and the pronotal humeri without erect hairs.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys charino [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 1.8, HL 0.44, HW 0.39, CI 89, ML 0.17, MI 38, SL 0.21, SI 54 PW 0.26, AL 0.47. Characters of abdera-complex. Blade of mandible with 3 teeth: 1 preapical tooth and an apical fork of 2 spiniform teeth; minute denticle present on left mandible between preapical tooth and dorsal tooth of apical fork. Cephalic dorsum posterior of clypeal margin with rows of spoon-shaped hairs on anterior two thirds; upper scrobe margin with spoon-shaped hairs. Cephalic dorsum with a transverse row of 4 erect, short clavate hairs near occipital margin. Pronotal humerus without a projecting hair; mesonotum without standing hairs. Dorsum of alitrunk with short spatulate ground-pilosity. In profile, promesonotal dorsum very shallowly convex; propodeal dorsum more or less flat anteriorly, sloping posteriorly to the declivity and rounding into the sides. Propodeal tooth a small denticle incorporated in the very narrow infradental lamellae; in profile, width of lamella approximately the width of eye. Ventral spongiform tissue well developed and conspicuous on petiole and postpetiole. Base of first gastral tergite with a continuous row of well developed basal costulae. Color dull yellow to pale brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 1.8, HL 0.42 - 0.44, HW 0.38 - 0.40, CI 91 - 93, ML 0.16 - 0.17, MI 39 - 41, SL 0.20 - 0.22, SI 50 - 57, PW 0.24 - 0.26, AL 0.45 - 0.46 (3 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Fotodriana, Cap Masoala, 25 m 15 deg. 41 min. 49 sec. S, 50 deg. 16 min. 13 sec. E, 27.xi.1993. rainforest, Winkler app. 160.13981w (G. D. Alpert) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 1 worker with same data as holotype but coded 160.13982w; 2 workers (one with gaster missing) with same data has holotype but coded 160.3635w, 160.3636w and labeled lowland rainforest (Alpert et al.) (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: F.C. Andriantantely 530 m (H. J. Ratsirarson).
----- Page 631 -----description:
[p] Measurements of this material extends the range shown by the type-series: HL 0.45 - 0.48, HW 0.43 - 0.45, CI 95 - 96, ML 0.17 - 0.19, MI 38 - 40, SL 0.23 - 0.25, SI 53 - 56 (3 measured).
diagnosis
[p]Within the arnoldi-group with 6 antennal segments, charino is separated from all other members by having:
[p]1) Cephalic dorsum posterior of clypeal margin with rows of spoon-shaped hairs on anterior two thirds.
[p]2) Pronotal humeri and mesonotum without erect hairs.
[p]3) Base of first gastral tergite with a continuous row of well developed basal costulae.
[p]4) In profile, propodeal infradental lamella very narrow, approximately the width of eye.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys dolabra [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 1.7, HL 0.40, HW 0.38, CI 94, ML 0.11, MI 28, SL 0.19, SI 50, PW 0.23, AL 0.45. Characters of alapa-complex. Blade of mandible with 3 teeth: 1 preapical tooth and an apical fork of 2 spiniform teeth. Anterolateral margin of clypeus with a spoon-shaped hair curved medially that is larger and more conspicuous than hairs found on anterior margin of clypeus. Cephalic dorsum posterior of clypeal margin with spoon-shaped hairs on anterior two thirds; upper scrobe margin with spoon-shaped hairs. Pronotal humerus without a projecting a hair; mesonotum without standing hairs. In profile, promesonotal dorsum very shallowly convex anteriorly; propodeal dorsum gradually sloping posteriorly to the declivity and posteriorly meeting the sides in a blunt diverging angle. Propodeal dorsum meeting the declivity in a blunt angle without a noticeable tooth. Ventral spongiform tissue well developed and conspicuous on propodeum, petiole and postpetiole. In profile, spongiform lamella on propodeal declivity broad, approximately half the width of ventral spongiform curtain on petiole. Base of first gastral tergite with few basal costulae. Punctulate-reticulate sculpture on tergite restricted to region of basal costulae, remainder of tergite smooth. Hairs on postpetiole and gaster filiform. Color pale brown.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Toliara, southern Isoky-Vohimena Forest, 22 deg. 41 min. S, 44 deg. 50 min. E, 730 m, 21.i.1996, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), tropical dry forest, #1312 (5)-3 (S. Razafimandimby) (MCZ).
diagnosis
[p]Within the arnoldi-group with 6 antennal segments, dolabra and toma are separated from all other members by having:
[p]– Cephalic dorsum without hairs on posterior third which are similar in shape to hairs on leading edge of scape.
[p]– Pronotal humeri and mesonotum without erect hairs.
[p]– Base of first gastral tergite with few basal costulae.
[p]– In profile, propodeum terminating in a blunt angle.
[p]– Infradental lamella on propodeum broad.
[p]S. dolabra is distinguished from toma as follows:
[p]dolabra
[p]1) First gastral tergite with punctulate-reticulate sculpture on tergite restricted to region of basal costulae, remainder of tergite smooth.
[p]2) In dorsal view, cephalic dorsum with clavate to spoon-shaped hairs on anterior two-thirds, rows of hairs absent from vertex, posterior of posterior end of upper scrobe margin.
[p]toma
[p]1) First gastral tergite covered in punctulate- to granulate-reticulate sculpture, at least on lateral margins posteriorly.
[p]2) In dorsal view, cephalic dorsum with broadly scale-like to orbicular shaped hairs on anterior two thirds, extending on to vertex, posterior of posterior end of upper scrobe margin.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys heliani [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Figs 384, 411)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.6, HL 0.56, HW 0.63, CI 113, ML 0.24, MI 42, SL 0.31, SI 49, PW 0.35, AL 0.62. Characters of abdera-complex. Blade of mandible with 4 teeth: 2 preapical teeth and an apical fork of 2 spiniform teeth. Distal preapical tooth smaller than basal most preapical tooth and spiniform teeth. A small denticle is present at base of ventral apical tooth. Hairs on the dorsum of head posterior of frontal lobes and along upper scrobe margin are similar in shape to hairs on leading edge of scape. Leading edge of scape greatly expanded, forming a dorsoventrally flattened convex lamella with the widest portion in apical third. In profile, promesonotal dorsum convex and bluntly marginate laterally; propodeal dorsum convex anteriorly, sloping posteriorly to the declivity. Mesopleural hair organ conspicuous and set in a deep concave impression. Ground pilosity of dorsum of head posterior to frontal lobes consisting of rows of spatulate to spoon-shaped hairs. Erect hairs absent from head, alitrunk, and petiole. Hairs on gaster clavate. Head, alitrunk and petiole reticulate-punctate. Pleurae and sides of propodeum smooth except for peripheral punctures, which are most prominent on dorsal margin. Postpetiolar disc finely longitudinally costulate-punctulate. In profile the petiole with a well developed spongiform lamella. Postpetiole with well developed lateral and ventral spongiform lobes. Basigastral costulae well developed and sharply defined, extending across the basal third of gastral tergite, remainder of gaster more or less smooth and shiny. Propodeal teeth a blunt triangle and incorporated in the infradental lamellae. Infradental lamellae a narrow strip. Color pale orange-brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKER TL 2.4 - 2.5, HL 0.53 - 0.55, HW 0.61 - 0.63, CI 110 - 118, ML 0.23 - 0.26, MI 44 - 47, SL 0.27 - 0.30, SI 44 - 49, PW 0.33 - 0.37, AL 0.58 - 0.61 (4 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Toamasina, F.C. Sandranantitra, 18 deg. 02.9 min. S, 49 deg. 05.5 min. E, 450 m, 18-21.i.1999, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood) #101 (13)-1 (H.J. Ratsirarson) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 2 worker with same data as holotype; 2 workers with same data as holotype but coded #101 (14)-1 (BMNH, SAM).
diagnosis
[p]S. heliani is distinguished from other species in the arnoldi-group by the absence of hairs on the dorsum of head posterior of frontal lobes and along upper scrobe margin that are similar in shape to hairs on leading edge of scape.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys levana [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 1.6, HL 0.37, HW 0.36, CI 95, ML 0.16, MI 43, SL 0.22, SI 62, PW 0.20, AL 0.41. Characters of lutron-complex. Mandible blade narrow, linear, outcurved, and armed apically with a fork of 2 spiniform teeth of which the upper is the longer. No intercalary denticles present between the apical fork teeth. Preapical dentition consisting of a single long spiniform tooth at about the apical third of the length present on both blades. Right mandible with a short tooth on the margin between the spiniform preapical tooth and the upper tooth of the apical fork, left mandible without such a tooth. Preocular lamina broad, projecting below the antennal insertion. Anterior clypeal margin with broad spoon-shaped hairs directed dorsally. Dorsum of head behind clypeus reticulate-punctate and with numerous broadly scale-like to spoon-shaped hairs on anterior two-thirds. Dorsum of head with a transverse row of 4 hairs close to the occipital margin. Upper scrobe margin with a continuous row of scale-like to spoon-shaped hairs. Hairs on upper scrobe margin not terminating at the posterior end with a more or less straight clavate hair. Eye very small, with 3 ommatidia in total and situated just above the ventral scrobe margin. Antenna with 4 segments. Leading edge of scape a dorsoventrally flattened convex lamella with a row of projecting scale-like to spoon-shaped hairs. In profile, the promesonotum slightly convex; propodeal dorsum shallowly convex anteriorly, sloping posteriorly to the declivity. Propodeal teeth very short, mostly incorporated in the infradental lamellae, with only a small point projecting. Sides of alitrunk smooth to superficially reticulate-punctate. Pronotal disc with distinct longitudinal costulae and not sculptured as posterior dorsum of head. In between costulae, pronotum smooth or with fine
----- Page 633 -----punctulate sculpture; remainder of dorsal alitrunk and at least the upper half of the propodeal declivity reticulate-punctate to alveolate. Pronotal humerus without a laterally projecting hair. Mesonotum with 2 pairs of erect hairs. Ground-pilosity of dorsal alitrunk consisting of scattered small erect hairs. Dorsal surface of petiole node with faint reticulate-punctate sculpture that is almost effaced; the postpetiole glassy smooth. Petiole, postpetiole and gaster with clavate hairs. In profile the petiole with a well developed spongiform lamella. Postpetiole with well developed lateral and ventral spongiform lobes. Base of first gastral tergite with fine costulae radiating on each side of a broad central clear area, remainder of gaster more or less smooth and shiny. Color dull yellow to pale brown.[p]PARATYPE WORKER TL 1.6 - 1.7, HL 0.38 - 0.39, HW 0.34 - 0.35, CI 88 - 91, ML 0.17 - 0.18, MI 43 - 47, SL 0.21 - 0.23, SI 62 - 66, PW 0.20 - 0.21, AL 0.39 - 0.41 (5 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Toamasina, F.C. Sandranantitra, 18 deg. 02.9 min. S, 49 deg. 05.5 min. E, 450 m, 21-24.i.1999, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood) #102 (26)-3 (H.J. Ratsirarson) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 8 worker same data as holotype but coded (21)-1, (20)-2, (25)-3, (6)-3, (8)-3 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: Andranobé, Route d'Andriamena, ca. 25 km W Morarano Sud ca 1250 m (A. Peyrieras); F.C. Andriantantely 530 m (H.J. Ratsirarson).
[p] Measurements of this material extends the range shown by the type-series: HL 0.39 - 0.42, HW 0.35 - 0.38, CI 91, ML 0.16 - 0.18, MI 41 - 42, SL 0.24, SI 63 - 68 (2 measured).
diagnosis
[p]S. levana is distinguished from other species in the arnoldi-group by the presence of 4 antennal segments, distinct longitudinal costulae on the pronotal disc, and pronotal humerus without a laterally projecting hair. The absence of laterally projecting hairs on the pronotal humus, and the presence of a transverse row of 4 hairs close to the occipital margin also help identify this species.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys lutron [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE. TL 1.6, HL 0.39, HW 0.38, CI 98, ML 0.14, MI 36, SL 0.20, SI 53, PW 0.23, AL 0.42. Characters of lutron-complex. Mandible blade narrow, linear, outcurved, and armed apically with a fork of 2 spiniform teeth of which the upper is the longer. No intercalary denticles present between the apical fork teeth. Preapical dentition consisting of a single long spiniform tooth at about the apical third of the length present on both blades. Right mandible with a short tooth on the margin between the spiniform preapical tooth and the upper tooth of the apical fork, left mandible with at most a denticle. Anterior clypeal margin broad, projecting beyond the mandibular bases on each side, with a feeble median impression and with numerous small spatulate to spoon-shaped hairs which are curved towards the midline. Lateral margin of clypeus short. Preocular lamina broad, projecting below the antennal insertion. Median portion of clypeus broad, finely punctulate and with scale-like to spoon-shaped hairs present. Dorsum of head behind clypeus reticulate-punctate and with numerous broadly scale-like to spoon-shaped hairs on anterior two-thirds. Outer margin of frontal lobe and upper scrobe margin with a continuous row of scale-like to spoon-shaped hairs. Hairs on upper scrobe margin not terminating at the posterior end with a more or less straight clavate hair. Eye very small, with 3 ommatidia in total and situated just above the ventral scrobe margin. Antenna with 4 segments. Leading edge of the scape a dorsoventrally flattened convex lamella with a row of projecting scale-like to spoon-shaped hairs. Dorsum of head with a transverse row of 4 hairs close to the occipital margin. Pronotal humerus without a laterally projecting erect hair. Mesonotum with a pair of hairs on anterior margin (can be warn). In profile, the promesonotum slightly convex; propodeal dorsum shallowly convex anteriorly, sloping posteriorly to the declivity. Propodeal teeth very short, mostly incorporated in the infradental lamellae, with only a small point projecting. Sides of alitrunk smooth to superficially reticulate-punctate. Dorsal alitrunk and at least the upper half of the propodeal declivity reticulate-punctate, the punctures more strongly defined and denser on the pronotum than on the propodeum, where they may be superficial. Pronotal humerus without a straight clavate hair. Anterior margin of mesonotum with a pair of short, filiform standing hairs. Ground-pilosity of dorsal alitrunk consisting of numerous small appressed hairs. In profile the petiole with a well developed spongiform lamella. Dorsal surface of petiole node finely punctate to reticulate, the postpetiole smooth. Petiole, postpetiole and
----- Page 634 -----gaster with short simple to narrowly clavate hairs. Color dull yellow to pale brown.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 1.6 - 1.7, HL 0.39 - 0.41, HW 0.36 - 0.38, CI 92 - 96, ML 0.13 - 0.15, MI 33 - 39, SL 0.19 - 0.21, SI 52 - 57, PW 0.22 - 0.24, AL 0.41 - 0.45 (6 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker. Madagascar: Prov. Toamasina, S.F. Tampolo; 10 km NNE Fenoarivo Atn., 17 deg. 17 min. S, 49 deg. 26 min. E, 10 m, 4.iv.1997, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), littoral rainforest #1342 (49)-1 (B. L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 6 workers as holotype but coded (21)-2, (34)-1, (36)-3, (42)-2, (47)-3 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: 2.7 km WNW Ste. Luce 20 m (B. L. Fisher); Mandena, 8.4 km NNE Tolagnaro 20 m (B.L.Fisher); Forêt de Petriky, 12.5 km W Tolagnaro 10 m (B.L.Fisher).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extends the range shown by the type-series: HL 0.39 - 0.40, HW 0.38, CI 96 - 98, ML 0.15, MI 38 - 39, SL 0.20 - 0.21, SI 52 - 55 (2 measured).
diagnosis
[p]S. lutron is immediately separated from other members of the arnoldi-group by having 4 antennal segments, pronotal humeri without a projecting hair, and pronotal disk with densely reticulate punctate sculpture and without distinct longitudinal costulae.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys manga [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.4, HL 0.56, HW 0.49, CI 88, ML 0.22, MI 40, SL 0.26, SI 53, PW 0.29, AL 0.63. Characters of abdera-complex. Blade of mandible with 3 long teeth: 1 preapical tooth and an apical fork of 2 spiniform teeth; left blade of mandible with a small denticle and right mandible with a small tooth between preapical tooth and apex. Cephalic dorsum posterior of clypeal margin and upper scrobe margin with clavate to spoon-shaped hairs that are distinctly narrower than the hairs on leading edge of scape. Cephalic dorsum with a transverse row of 4 erect, short clavate hairs close to the occipital margin. Pronotal humerus with a projecting stiff hair; mesonotum with a short clavate hair on lateral anterior margin. In profile, outline of alitrunk convex in anterior half, more or less flat in posterior half; anterior mesonotal dorsum steeply descending to its posterior half. Propodeal dorsum more or less flat and meeting the declivity in rounded angle without a noticeable cuticular tooth. In profile, spongiform lamella continuous along propodeal declivity and marginate medially, forming a triangular tooth at apex of declivity. Ventral spongiform tissue and lateral lobes well developed and conspicuous on petiole and postpetiole; petiolar lamella notched medially. Base of first gastral tergite with basal costulae arising on each side of a central clear area. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole, and gaster with clavate standing hairs. Color brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.5, HL 0.56 - 0.57, HW 0.51 - 0.52, CI 90 - 91, ML 0.22, MI 39, SL 0.30 SI 59 - 60, PW 0.30 - 0.31, AL 0.65 - 0.67 (2 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Forêt d’Ankazomivady, 29 km SSW Ambositra, 1700 m, 20 deg. 46 min. 36 sec. S, 47 deg. 9 min. 54 sec. E. 8 Jan 1998, disturbed forest, nest 3 cm below leaf-litter covered soil surface found by digging SAM#011226 (H. R. Robertson) (SAM).
[p]Paratypes. 2 worker and 1 queen (dealate) with same data as holotype (BMNH).
diagnosis
[p]S. manga is separated from the other species in the arnoldi-group with 6 antennal segments by the presence of an erect hair on the pronotal humerus and the anterolateral margin of mesonotum, and the shape of the alitrunk in profile which is convex anteriorly and more or less flat posteriorly.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys micrans [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 1.7, HL 0.41, HW 0.35, CI 86, ML 0.18, MI 44, SL 0.25, SI 71, PW 0.21, AL 0.42. Characters of lutron-complex. Mandible blade narrow, linear, outcurved, and armed apically with a fork of 2 spiniform teeth of which the upper is the longer. No intercalary denticles present between the apical fork teeth. Preapical dentition consisting of a single long spiniform tooth at about the apical third of the length present on both blades. Right mandible with a short tooth on the margin between the spiniform preapical tooth and the upper tooth of the apical fork, left mandible without such a tooth. Preocular lamina broad, projecting below the antennal insertion. Anterior clypeal margin with broad spoon-shaped hairs directed dorsally. Dorsum of head behind clypeus reticulate-punctate and with numerous decumbent to suberect spatulate to spoon-shaped hairs on anterior two-thirds. Dorsum of head with a transverse row of 4 clavate hairs close to the occipital margin. Upper scrobe margin with a continuous row of clavate to spoon-shaped hairs. Hairs on upper scrobe margin not terminating at the posterior end with a more or less straight clavate hair. Eye very small, with 3 ommatidia in total and situated just above the ventral scrobe margin. Antenna with 4 segments. Leading edge of scape a dorsoventrally flattened convex lamella with a row of projecting spoon-shaped hairs. In profile, the promesonotum slightly convex; propodeal dorsum shallowly convex anteriorly, sloping slightly posteriorly before meeting the declivity in a blunt angle without a noticeable tooth; infradental lamellae a very narrow strip. Sides of alitrunk mostly smooth and shiny with weak longitudinal striolate sculpture on dorsal side or pronotum. Pronotal disc with longitudinal striolate and costulae sculpture. In between costulae, pronotum smooth or with fine punctulate sculpture; remainder of dorsal alitrunk and at least the upper half of the propodeal declivity reticulate-punctate. Pronotal humerus with a laterally projecting flagellate or looped hair. Mesonotum with 1 pair of erect hairs on anterior margin. Ground-pilosity of dorsal alitrunk consisting of a few scattered small suberect fine hairs. Dorsal surface of petiole node with faint reticulate-punctate sculpture that is almost effaced; the postpetiole glassy smooth. Petiole, postpetiole and gaster with clavate to remiform hairs. In profile the petiole with a well developed spongiform lamella. Postpetiole with well developed lateral and ventral spongiform lobes. Base of first gastral tergite with costulae radiating on each side of a broad central clear area, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Color dull yellow to pale brown.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Toamasina, P.N. Mantadia 895 m 18 deg. 47.5 min. S, 48 deg. 25.6 min E, 25-28.xi.1998 sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), rainforest #111 (20)-1 (H.J. Ratsirarson) (MCZ).
diagnosis
[p]S. micrans is distinguished from other species in the arnoldi-group by the presence of a laterally projecting flagellate or looped hairs on the pronotal humerus and antenna with 4 segments.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys mola [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 1.9, HL 0.44, HW 0.41, CI 91, ML 0.16, MI 36, SL 0.23, SI 56, PW 0.25, AL 0.52. Characters of abdera-complex. Blade of mandible with 4 teeth: 1 long preapical tooth and a distal small preapical tooth (right blade) or denticle (left blade) and an apical fork of 2 spiniform teeth. Cephalic dorsum posterior of clypeal margin with spoon-shaped hairs on anterior two thirds; upper scrobe margin with spoon-shaped hairs. Posterior margin of vertex with a row of 4 erect, narrowly clavate hairs. Pronotal humerus without a projecting a hair; anterior margin of mesonotum with a pair of short standing hairs. In profile, promesonotum shallowly convex; metanotal groove a shallow concave depression. Propodeal dorsum convex anteriorly, sloping posteriorly to the declivity and posteriorly rounding into the sides. Propodeal dorsum meeting the declivity in a blunt angle without a noticeable tooth. In profile, spongiform lamella on propodeal declivity narrow, increasing in width at base of declivity. Ventral spongiform tissue well developed and conspicuous on petiole and postpetiole. Ventral lobe on petiole small. Base of first gastral tergite with a continuous row of well defined basal costulae, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Pilosity of postpetiole and gaster filiform to narrowly clavate. Color dull yellow to pale brown.
----- Page 636 -----[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 1.7 -1.9, HL 0.41 - 0.44, HW 0.38 - 0.40, CI 90 - 96, ML 0.15 - 0.16, MI 35 - 40, SL 0.19 - 0.24, SI 48 - 60, PW 0.23 - 0.25, AL 0.42 - 0.47 (6 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 43 km S Ambalavao, Res. Andringitra 22 deg. 14 min. S, 47 deg. 00 min. E, 825 m 5.x.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), rainforest #747 (7)-7 (B.L.Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 6 worker and 2 queens (dealate) with same data as holotype but coded (2)-11, (8)-12, (19)-12, (31)-8, (26)-12, (42)-15, (43)-11 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: Ranomafana Nat. Park, Miaranony Forest 700 m (E. Rajeriarison); 7 km W Ranomafana 900 m (W.E. Steiner); 45 km S Ambalavao 785 m (B.L. Fisher); 9.0 km NE Ivohibe 900 m (S. Razafimandimby).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material were within range of shown by the type-series (4 measured).
diagnosis
[p]Of the species known of this group which lack laterally projecting hairs on the pronotal humerus, and lack spoon-shaped or scale-like hairs on posterior third of the dorsum of the head, manga, is immediately identifiable by the presence of a pair of hairs on the anterior margin of the mesonotum.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys schuetzi [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Fig. 385)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 1.7, HL 0.40, HW 0.42, CI 105, ML 0.13, MI 32, SL 0.21, SI 50, PW 0.23, AL 0.41. Characters of schuetzi-complex. Mandible blade narrow, linear, outcurved, and armed apically with a fork of 2 long spiniform teeth of which the upper is the longer. No intercalary denticles present between the apical fork teeth. Preapical dentition consisting of a single long spiniform tooth at about the midlength of each blade. Anterior clypeal margin broad, projecting beyond the mandibular bases on each side and with numerous small spatulate to spoon-shaped hairs which are curved towards the midline. Lateral margin of clypeus short. Preocular lamina broad, projecting below the antennal insertion. Median portion of clypeus broad, finely punctulate and with scale-like to spoon-shaped appressed hairs present. Dorsum of head behind clypeus reticulate-punctate and with broadly scale-like to orbicular shaped hairs anterior of occipital corners. Dorsum of head without a transverse row of hairs close to the occipital margin. Row of scale-like to broad spoon-shaped hairs on upper scrobe margin not terminating at the posterior end with a more or less straight clavate hair. Eye very small, with 3 ommatidia in total and situated just above the ventral scrobe margin. Antenna with 4 segments. Leading edge of scape a dorsoventrally flattened convex lamella with a row of projecting broadly spoon-shaped hairs. Scape strongly back-curved, with a anteriorly projecting subbasal lobe at the bend, and apex of lobe with a projecting broad clavate, almost fan-like hair. In profile, the promesonotum slightly convex; propodeal dorsum shallowly convex anteriorly, sloping posteriorly to the declivity. Propodeal teeth very short, mostly incorporated in the infradental lamellae, with only a small point projecting; infradental lamellae a very narrow strip. Sides of alitrunk mostly smooth and shiny with weak peripheral punctures. Pronotal disk reticulate-punctate with longitudinal striolate and costulae sculpture, remainder of alitrunk dorsum reticulate punctate. Pronotal humerus with a laterally projecting straight clavate hair, remainder of alitrunk dorsum without erect hairs. Ground-pilosity of dorsal alitrunk consisting of scattered small suberect fine hairs. Dorsal surface of petiole node reticulate-punctate; the postpetiole more or less smooth. Petiole with a pair of broad clavate hairs; postpetiole and gaster with clavate to filiform hairs. In profile the petiole with a well developed spongiform lamella. Postpetiole with well developed lateral and ventral spongiform lobes. Base of first gastral tergite with costulae radiating on each side of a broad central clear area, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Color pale brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKER TL 1.6 - 1.8, HL 0.39 - 0.41, HW 0.41 - 0.42, CI 103 - 108, ML 0.13 - 0.15, MI 33 - 38, SL 0.21 - 0.22, SI 50 - 53, PW 0.24 - 0.25, AL 0.38 - 0.43 (4 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
----- Page 637 -----[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Antsiranana, R. S. Manongarivo, 10.8 km 229 deg. SW Antanambao, 400 m 13 deg. 57.7 min. S, 48 deg. 26.0, min. E, 8.xi.1998, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood) #1996 (03)-2 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 10 worker same data as holotype but coded #1996 (7)-2, (10)-2, (11)-2, (50)-4, (9)-2, (38)-3, (46)-4, (2)-2, (23)-1 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: R. S. Manongarivo, 12.8 km SW Antanambao, 780 m (B.L. Fisher); R. S. Manongarivo, 14.5 km SW Antanambao, 1175 m (B.L. Fisher).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extends the range shown by the type-series: HL 0.40 - 0.45, HW 0.42 - 0.45, CI 99 - 103, ML 0.14 - 0.16, MI 32 - 35, SL 0.24, SI 54 - 56 (3 measured).
diagnosis
[p]S. schuetzi is distinguished from other species in the arnoldi-group by the presence of a laterally projecting straight clavate hair on the pronotal humerus, antenna with 4 segments, and mandible blade with only one preapical tooth, set in the midlength of blade. The upper scrobe margin with broadly spoon-shaped hairs that do not terminate at the posterior end with a more or less straight clavate hair also help distinguish this species.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys toma [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Fig. 386)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 1.7, HL 0.42, HW 0.38, CI 91, ML 0.12, MI 27, SL 0.21, SI 56, PW 0.25, AL 0.46. Characters of alapa-complex. Blade of mandible with 3 teeth: 1 preapical tooth and an apical fork of 2 spiniform teeth. Anterolateral margin of clypeus with a spoon-shaped hair curved medially that is larger than hairs found on anterior margin of clypeus. In dorsal view, cephalic dorsum with broadly scale-like to orbicular shaped hairs on anterior two thirds, extending on to vertex, posterior of posterior end of upper scrobe margin. Cephalic dorsum posterior of clypeal margin with broadly scale-like to orbicular shaped hairs; hairs present posterior of posterior end of upper scrobe margin. Upper scrobe margin with broadly scale-like hairs. Pronotal humerus without a projecting hair; mesonotum without standing hairs. In profile, pronotal dorsum shallowly convex; mesonotum with a shallowly concave depression. Propodeal dorsum more or less flat anteriorly, sloping slightly posteriorly before meeting the declivity in a blunt angle without a noticeable tooth. Ventral spongiform tissue well developed and conspicuous on propodeum, petiole and postpetiole. In profile, spongiform lamella on propodeal declivity broad, approximately half the width of ventral spongiform curtain on petiole. Disc of postpetiole covered by a densely punctulate film of spongiform tissue. Basigastral costulae short, sparse and not sharply defined; gastral tergite covered in punctulate- to granulate-reticulate sculpture, at least on lateral margins. Base of first gastral tergite with few basal costulae. Hairs on postpetiole and gaster filiform. Color pale brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 0.42, HL 0.39, HW 0.39, CI 93, ML 0.12, MI 28, SL 0.20, SI 52, PW 0.25, AL 0.48 (1 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Fianarantsoa, 28 km SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady, 20 deg. 46.5 min. S, 47 deg. 10.1 min. E, 1670 m, 11.i.1998, sifted litter, grassland, #1620 (25)-2 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 1 worker with same data as holotype (BMNH).
diagnosis
[p]S. toma forms a close species pair with dolabra, within the arnoldi-group. Characters distinguishing toma are discussed under dolabra.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] dexis-groupdescription:
[p]DIAGNOSIS OF WORKER
[p]Mandible in full-face view short (MI range 17 - 33), with broadly rounded prominent basal-external angle visible; the dorsum proximal of the basalmost tooth distinctly concave, the concave area margined distally by a rim or carina that traverses the blade. Blade of mandible broad basally and tapering strikingly towards the apex in full-face view, leaving a subovate gap between the inner margins of the blades distal of the basal lamella.
----- Page 638 -----[p]Dentition. Left mandible with 5 teeth and denticles in total, right mandible with 6. Dentition of the mandibles is asymmetrical in the group. In all species the left mandible has 3 long teeth (second or third from the base is the longest) followed by either a denticle and a smaller tooth or 2 denticles that share a common base, and are located ventral to the third tooth. The right mandible has a long basal tooth followed by a much smaller second tooth; these are followed by two more long teeth (the third from the base longer than the fourth) and the fourth is subtended by a pair of denticles, or a denticle and a short tooth, below the base of the fourth tooth. Therefore in full-face view the left mandible has 3 long or spiniform teeth and the right has 4, the apical denticles not being visible in this aspect. This group shows a morphocline of shortening mandibles. At the longest (sylvaini, MI 28 - 31; carolinae, MI 29 - 33) the species are more or less "ordinary" Strumigenys, but at the other end the mandibles are shorter and more powerfully constructed (dexis, MI 17 - 20), closely resembling short-mandibulate groups of Pyramica. However, even at this end of the morphocline the species retain the apomorphies of Strumigenys. It appears that the members of the group are evolving to fill the "powerfully short-mandibulate Pyramica" niche, which is almost empty in the Malagasy region.
[p]Leading edge of scape a dorsoventrally flattened convex lamella.
[p]Upper scrobe margins in full-face view widely divergent behind the frontal lobes.
[p]Ventrolateral margin of head without trace of a preocular notch, the margin continuos in from of the eye. Ventral surface of ahead without a preocular transverse groove but postbuccal groove is distinct.
[p]Promesonotum flat and bluntly marginate laterally (rounded in carolinae).
[p]Glands. Gland of scape visible as an elongate patch of pale tissue near the apex of the ventral scape. Apicofemoral gland absent to well developed; decreasing in size from hind femora where it is easily visible to the profemora where it is minute to absent. Absent on all femora of sylvaini and wardi. Apicotibial gland bola absent on all tibia of workers (sylvaini, wardi), present on hind tibia (peyrierasi, gorgon, dexis, coveri), or present on hind and fortibia (alperti, carolinae). Gland at base of fortibial spur conspicuous. Apicotarsal glands not visible. Mesopleural hair-filled gland visible and set in a narrow circular notch.
[p]Spongiform appendages of petiole well developed into a ventral curtain; lateral lobes present. Postpetiole with lateral and ventral lobes. Infradental lamella of propodeum usually well developed into a wide strip below the triangular propodeal spines (narrow in 2 species).
[p]Pilosity. Head with broadly spatulate to spoon-shaped hairs present on mandibles, lateral clypeal margins (curved anteriorly), upper scrobe margins (curved anteriorly) and leading edges of scapes (curved toward scape apex); entire body lacking flagellate hairs. Dorsal surfaces of mandibles with elongate spatulate hairs that are directed towards the midline.
[p]Sculpture. Within the dexis-group two forms of basic sculpture are developed. The first, (seen in the sylvaini-complex), is that predominant in the tribe as a whole: fine dense reticulate-punctate to reticulate-granulate sculpture that blankets the entire dorsum of the head and the alitrunk (alitrunk not reticulate-punctate in carolinae), rendering them opaque. The balance of species (dexis-complex), the sculpture is quite different. On the dorsum of the head there are scattered punctures that are separated by areas of smooth unsculptured cuticle. On the dorsal alitrunk the sculpture is either the same as the head or even more sparsely punctate with more extensive smooth areas.
diagnosis
[p]The structure of the mandibles and their dentition is immediately diagnostic of the dexis-group. The presence of a rim or carina that traverse a basal concavity of the mandibles and the asymmetric mandibles (the left mandible with 3 long or spiniform teeth, including preapical and apical, and the right with 4 such teeth) are apomorphies for the group.
discussion
[p]Members of this group fall into two discrete complexes of related species.
[p]1) dexis-complex (coveri, dexis, gorgon, peyrierasi, rabesoni) Dorsum of the head and promesonotum with scattered punctures separated by smooth, shining areas of cuticle.
[p]2) sylvaini-complex (alperti, carolinae, sylvaini, wardi). Dorsum of the head and often the promesonotum with fine dense reticulate-punctate to reticulate-granulate sculpture;
----- Page 639 -----scattered punctures separated by smooth shiny areas never present on head and promesonotum.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys alperti [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.3, HL 0.60, HW 0.52, CI 87, ML 0.14, MI 23, SL 0.27, SI 52, PW 0.31, AL 0.64. Characters of sylvaini-complex. Lateral margins of clypeus, upper scrobe margins, and leading edges of scapes each fringed with a row of curved spoon-shaped hairs. Clypeal dorsum with short, anteriorly-directed spatulate hairs. Dorsum of head immediately behind clypeus with a transverse band of scale-like hairs, arranged in 3 - 4 rows, these hairs similar in size to those fringing the upper scrobe margins. Similar but somewhat more spoon-shaped hairs are also numerous on the dorsal surfaces of the occipital lobes, but they are absent from the median posterodorsal area of the head. There are no standing hairs of any description on the head, alitrunk, postpetiole or first gastral tergite. Eye conspicuous, with 4 - 5 ommatidia in the longest row. Promesonotal dorsum finely and densely reticulate-punctate, the sculpture fading posteriorly on the propodeal dorsum. Pleurae glassy smooth. Petiole node broader than long in dorsal view, finely reticulate-punctate and with several pairs of posteriorly curved decumbent spatulate hairs. Disc of postpetiole completely surrounded by spongiform tissue; disc with weak longitudinal striolate sculpture on each side of a smooth median strip. Basigastral costulae moderately developed, extending for some distance onto the first gastral tergite.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.4, HL 0.60 - 0.61, HW 0.52 - 0.54, CI 85 - 89, ML 0.14 - 0.15, MI 23 - 25, SL 0.27 - 0.28, SI 50 - 54, PW 0.31 - 0.32, AL 0.66 - 0.68 (2 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 17 km W Andapa, Res. d'Anjanaharibe Sud, 875 m, 2.xi.1994, 14 deg. 45 min. 27.9 sec. S, 49 deg. 30 min. 36.7 sec. E, primary rainforest, nest in log under moss, 543.12969w (G. D. Alpert) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 1 worker and 1 queen (dealate) with same data as holotype but 543.12968q; 1 worker (gaster missing) with same data but 543.13484w (MCZ, BMNH).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, 825 m (B. L. Fisher); 9.2 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 1200 m (B. L. Fisher); 6.5 km SSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud 875 m (B. L. Fisher).
description:
[p] The non-paratypic material shows greater size-variation than the type-series alone: HL 0.60 - 0.66, HW 0.51 - 0.58, CI 85 - 89, ML 0.15 - 0.17, MI 24 - 27, but otherwise matches all the critical diagnostic characters.
diagnosis
[p]S. alperti is immediately separated from all other members of the group by its unique possession of a transverse band of scale-like hairs, made up of 4 - 5 rows, on the cephalic dorsum immediately behind the clypeus. S. alperti can be separated from carolinae by the presence of reticulate-punctate sculpture on the promesonotum. Otherwise alperti and carolinae can be separated from other members of the sylvaini-complex by the following characters.
[p]alperti and carolinae
[p] 1) Erect short simple hairs entirely absent from dorsal surfaces of head, alitrunk, waist segments and first gastral tergite.
[p]2) Head dorsolaterally with broad scale-like hairs present.
[p]3) Disc of postpetiole completely surrounded by spongiform tissue in dorsal view.
[p]wardi and sylvaini
[p] 1) Erect short simple hairs present on dorsal surfaces of head, alitrunk, waist segments and first gastral tergite.
[p]2)Head dorsolaterally without scale-like hairs.
[p]3) Disc of postpetiole not surrounded by spongiform tissue in dorsal view, with anterolateral
----- Page 640 -----angles and anterior halves of sides free.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys carolinae [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER TL 2.2, HL 0.55, HW 0.47, CI 85, ML 0.17, MI 31, SL 0.26, SI 56, PW 0.27, AL 0.57. Characters of sylvaini-complex. Entire dorsum of head blanketed with fine, dense reticulate-punctate to reticulate-granulate sculpture. Clypeal dorsum with short, anteriorly-directed spatulate hairs. Spoon-shaped hairs are numerous on the dorsal surfaces of the occipital lobes, but they are absent from the median posterodorsal area of the head and from immediately behind clypeus. There are no standing hairs of any description on the head, alitrunk, postpetiole or first gastral tergite. Eye conspicuous, with 4 - 5 ommatidia in the longest row. Promesonotal dorsum mostly smooth. Promesonotal humeral angles rounded. Mesopleural gland large and circular. Petiole node broader than long in dorsal view, and with several pairs of posteriorly curved decumbent spatulate hairs. Disc of postpetiole completely surrounded by spongiform tissue; disc with a mostly smooth dorsal disk. Basigastral costulae moderately developed, extending for some distance onto the first gastral tergite.
[p]PARATYPE WORKER TL 2.2 - 2.4, HL 0.55 - 0.58, HW 0.46 - 0.49, CI 81 - 87, ML 0.16 - 0.18, MI 29 - 32, SL 0.26 - 0.27, SI 55 - 57, PW 0.26 - 0.30, AL 0.55 - 0.62 (4 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Antsiranana, R.S. Manongarivo, 10.8 km 229 deg. SW Antanambao, 400 m 13 deg. 57.7 min. S, 48 deg. 26.0 min. E, 8.xi.1998, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), rainforest #1996 (40)-2 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 36 worker 3 queens (dealate) same data as holotype but coded (13)-1, (18)-1, (32)-1, (35)-1, (35)-2, (35)-3, (38)-1, (38)-2, (42)-2, (44)-4, (45)-1, (46)-1, (46)-2, (49)-1, (50)-6, (51)-1, (55)-2, (56)-7, (70)-2 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: R.S. Manongarivo, 12.8 km 228 deg. SW Antanambao, 780 m (B.L. Fisher); R.S. Manongarivo, 14.5 km 220 deg. SW Antanambao, 1175 m (B.L. Fisher); Nossi Be Island (P. Saranya).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extends the range shown by the type-series: HL 0.58 - 0.65, HW 0.46 - 0.52, CI 79 - 83, ML 0.18 - 0.21, MI 30 - 33, SL 0.28 - 0.30, SI 56 - 59 (6 measured).
diagnosis
[p]S. carolinae is immediately separated from all other members of the group by its unique possession of:
[p]1) rounded promesonotal humeral angles.
[p]2) dense reticulate-punctate to reticulate-granulate sculpture present on the dorsum of the head but absent from promesonotum.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys coveri [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.4, HL 0.63, HW 0.51, CI 81, ML 0.14, MI 22, SL 0.28, SI 55, PW 0.31, AL 0.68. Characters of dexis-complex. With head in full-face view the dorsal surfaces of the occipital lobes with broad spoon-shaped hairs similar in shape and size to those projecting from the upper scrobe margins; these hairs occupying a longitudinal strip on each side from the apices of the upper scrobe margins to the apices of the occipital lobes, but absent from the vertex proper. Eye with 12 - 13 ommatidia in total. Punctures on vertex small and faint, widely spaced, the distance between punctures greater than the diameter of the punctures. Punctate sculpture sparse and faint on dorsal promesonotum, almost effaced. Pronotum in dorsal view relatively narrow, about as broad as long, decidedly not conspicuously broader than long. Dorsum of petiole node (discounting spongiform tissue) longer than broad. Disc of postpetiole smooth. Basigastral costulae weakly developed and inconspicuous, sparse, faint and short. Standing hairs completely absent from dorsal surfaces of body.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.4, HL 0.63 - 0.64, HW 0.51 - 0.52, CI 80 - 83, ML 0.14, MI 22, SL 0.28 - 0.29, SI 55 - 56, PW 0.30 - 0.31, AL 0.66 - 0.68 (2 measured). As holotype but number of ommatidia in eye varies from 11 to 13.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 1 km W Andampibe, Cap Masoala, 125 m, 2.xii.1993, 15 deg. 51 min. 37 sec. S, 50 deg. 10 min. 53.4 sec. E, lowland rainforest, Winkler app. 259.3308w (Alpert et al.) (MCZ).
----- Page 641 -----[p]Paratypes. 1 worker with same data as holotype; 2 workers (one with head missing) 2 km W Andampibe, Cap Masoala, 125 m, 1.xii.1993, 15 deg. 41 min. 25 sec. S, 50 deg. 10 min. 10 sec. E, lowland rainforest, Winkler app. 238.3325w (Alpert et al.) (SAM, BMNH).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: 6.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, 25 m, (B. L. Fisher); 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe, 425 m (B. L. Fisher); Prov. Toamasina, F.C. Didy 960 m (H. J. Ratsirarson).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extends the range shown by the type-series: HL 0.62 - 0.68, HW 0.51 - 0.55, CI 80 - 85, ML 0.14 - 0.17, MI 22 - 26.
diagnosis
[p]Within the dexis-complex coveri is immediately separated from all other members (dexis, gorgon, peyrierasi, rabesoni) by the condition of the petiole node. In dorsal view the cuticular area of the node (discounting the lateral lobes and posterior collar) is at least as long as broad, and usually distinctly longer than broad in coveri, while in the other species it is very obviously broader than long. The basigastral costulae are very short with a few feeble longer costulae in coveri, while in the other species, costulae well developed and numerous. Further differentiating characters are noted under the other species of the complex.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys dexis [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.4, HL 0.66, HW 0.57, CI 88, ML 0.12, MI 18, SL 0.29, SI 51, PW 0.36, AL 0.68. Characters of dexis-complex. Transverse edge of the depressed proximodorsal area of mandible with a short row of curved spoon-shaped hairs approximately the same as those fringing the upper scrobe margin. Each labral lobe terminates anteriorly in a broad fan-shaped lamella of thin translucent cuticle and a short range-finder hair mesad of fan-like lamella; range-finder hairs often difficult to see. Clypeal dorsum with minute appressed hairs, the lateral margins with a short row of anteriorly curved large spoon-shaped hairs. Upper scrobe margins in full-face view with a continuous row of anteriorly curved spoon-shaped hairs that are similar to those on the leading edge of the scape; the row ends at the apex of the scrobe and does not extend onto the side of the occipital lobe. Eye with 7 ommatidia in total. Dorsum of head without standing hairs of any description but with scattered minute flattened appressed hairs present. Area of cuticle within antennal scrobe densely reticulate-punctate except for extreme posterior portion which is superficially reticulate to smooth. Dorsum of head behind clypeus with separated shallow punctures, the spaces between them shining; ventral surface of head unsculptured. Pronotum in dorsal view with strongly convex sides, appearing very short and broad. Flattened dorsum of pronotum sculptured as vertex; pleurae and sides of propodeum smooth and shining; propodeal declivity with a band of fine punctate sculpture between the teeth. Infradental lamella of propodeum broad and sinuate, apices of propodeal teeth free. Dorsal surfaces of alitrunk, waist segments and first gastral tergite without standing hairs, but minute appressed flattened hairs are sparsely present everywhere except on first gastral tergite. Base of first gastral sternite and posterior margins of petiole and postpetiole, with a row of flat, broad, spatulate appressed hairs. Petiole node in dorsal view broader than long, with extensive lateral spongiform lobes. Disc of postpetiole completely surrounded by spongiform tissue in dorsal view; sides and posterior margin of the disc forming a single convex arc and the disc with scattered but easily visible punctures upon a smooth surface. In profile all spongiform lobes of the waist segments well developed. Legs with spatulate to scale-like hairs present, but without standing pilosity.
----- Page 642 -----[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.4 - 2.5, HL 0.65 - 0.66, HW 0.58 - 0.59, CI 88 - 90, ML 0.12 - 0.13, MI 18 - 20, SL 0.29, SI 49 - 50, PW 0.36 - 0.37, AL 0.68 (2 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 45 km S Ambalavao, 22 deg. 13 min. S, 47 deg. 01 min. E, 785 m, 25.ix.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), rainforest, #696 (40)-6 (B. L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 1 worker with same data as holotype; 1 worker with same data but #696 (20)-9 (SAM, BMNH).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: 6.5 km SSW Befingotra, Rés. Anjanaharibe-Sud 875 m (B. L. Fisher); 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, Ambohitsitondroina 825 m (B. L. Fisher); S.F. Tampolo, 10 km NNE Fenoarivo Atn. 10 m (B. L. Fisher); Rte. d'Anosibe, km 33 (A. Peyrieras); F.C. Sandranantitra 450 m (H. J. Ratsirarson); F.C. Andriantantely 530 m (H. J. Ratsirarson); Ranomafana Nat. Park, Vohiparara forest 1160 m (E. Rajeriarison); 43 km S Ambalavao, Rés. Andringitra 825 m (B. L. Fisher); 9.0 km NE Ivohibe 900 m (S. Razafimandimby); R.S. Ivohibe 8.0 km E Ivohibe 1200 m (S. Razafimandimby); 11 km NW Enakara, Rés. Andohahela 800 m (B. L. Fisher).
description:
[p] Members of these series tend to be a little larger than the type-series and to have the head fractionally broader, HL 0.68 - 0.70, HW 0.63 - 0.64, CI 90 - 93, ML 0.12 - 0.13, MI 17 - 19, but otherwise match the types perfectly.
diagnosis
[p]Within the group S. dexis is related to coveri, gorgon, peyrierasi, and rabesoni, a complex of five species that share a distinctive form of sculpture in which cephalic and promesonotal punctures are spaced out and separated by areas of smooth cuticle, rather than having the entire surface opaque and blanketed with reticulate- punctate sculpture (promesonotal punctures absent in carolinae). Of these five species dexis is identified by its relatively short mandibles, broad head and unique labrum, where both anterior lobes sport a single fan-like lamella of very thin translucent cuticle that projects anteriorly. Apart from these features:
[p]1) The petiole node in coveri is as long as or longer than broad in dorsal view (distinctly broader than long in dexis).
[p]2) The head has large spoon-shaped hairs on the dorsum of the occipital lobes in gorgon (absent in dexis).
[p]3) The punctate sculpture of the vertex is much denser and more crowded in rabesoni than in dexis.
[p]4) The mesonotum has a single pair of short straight standing hairs in peyrierasi (absent in dexis).
[p]5) The presence of dense blanketing reticulate-punctate sculpture on the dorsum of the head distinguishes the sylvaini-complex from dexis and its immediate allies discussed above. Beside the sculpture alperti and carolinae has a unique distribution of scale- like hairs anteriorly on the cephalic dorsum, and sylvaini and wardi have standing hairs on the head and body, neither of which occurs in the four species of the dexis-complex.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys gorgon [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.4, HL 0.60, HW 0.52, CI 87, ML 0.15, MI 25, SL 0.28, SI 54, PW 0.34, AL 0.64. Characters of dexis-complex. With head in full-face view the dorsal surfaces of the occipital lobes with broad spoon-shaped hairs similar in shape and size to those projecting from the upper scrobe margins; these hairs occupying a longitudinal strip on each side from the apices of the upper scrobe margins to the apices of the occipital lobes, but absent from the vertex proper. Punctures on cephalic vertex shallow and poorly defined, not crowded together. Eye with 8 ommatidia in total. Punctures on pronotal dorsum shallow and faint, almost effaced, very widely scattered so that most of the dorsum is smooth. Pronotum in dorsal view distinctly broader than long. Petiole node in dorsal view (excluding spongiform tissue) broader than long. Disc of postpetiole smooth and shining. Basigastral costulae moderately long and sharply defined, extending backwards over one-quarter the length of the first gastral tergite.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.4 - 2.5, HL 0.60 - 0.64, HW 0.52 - 0.55, CI 86 - 89, ML 0.15 - 0.17, MI 25 - 27, SL 0.28 - 0.30, SI 51 - 55, PW 0.34 - 0.36, AL 0.64 - 0.68 (4
----- Page 643 -----measured). As holotype but eye with 8 - 10 ommatidia in total.materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, 15 deg. 34 min. S, 50 deg. 00 min. E, 825 m, 2.xii.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood) rainforest, #976 (41)-1 (B. L. Fisher) (MCZ). Paratypes. 4 workers with same data as holotype but coded (37)-1, (44)-1, (48)-1 (SAM, BMNH).
diagnosis
[p]Within the dexis-complex, the species gorgon, peyrierasi and rabesoni form a close cluster. The three together differ from dexis in possessing simple labral range- finder/trigger hairs, where dexis has them replaced by a pair of fan-like thin cuticular lamellae. S. coveri separates from gorgon, peyrierasi, and rabesoni by having the petiole node longer than broad, the pronotum only as broad as long and the eye somewhat larger, with 11 - 13 ommatidia in total. In gorgon, peyrierasi, and rabesoni the petiole node and the pronotum are both broader than long in dorsal view, and the eye is somewhat smaller, with 7 - 10 ommatidia in total. S. gorgon is distinguished from peyrierasi and rabesoni by the presence in the former of broad spoon-shaped hairs laterally on the dorsal surfaces of the occipital lobes, absent in the latter. S. gorgon is distinguished from rabesoni by the densely crowded punctate sculpture of the vertex in rabesoni, which in gorgon is much fainter and more widely spaced. Finally, S. gorgon is distinguished form peyrierasi by the presence of a single pair of short straight standing hairs on the mesonotum in peyrierasi which is absent in gorgon.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys peyrierasi [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 1.4, HL 0.59, HW 0.55, CI 93, ML 0.12, MI 21, SL 0.26, SI 48, PW 0.32, AL 0.60. Characters of dexis-complex. With head in full-face view the dorsal surfaces of the occipital lobes without broad spoon-shaped hairs similar in shape and size to those projecting from the upper scrobe margins. Punctures on vertex broad, scattered, distance separating one puncture from another is greater than the diameter of each puncture. Eye with 7 ommatidia in total. Pronotum distinctly broader than long in dorsal view, with scattered punctures on an otherwise smooth surface. Petiole node in dorsal view broader than long (discounting spongiform tissue). Disc of postpetiole smooth. Basigastral costulae fine and faint, but extending back over at least the basal third of the tergite..
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Bongolava, Pref. Tsiroanomandidy, 6-11 Dec. 1974, forest humus and litter (A. Peyrieras) (MCZ).
diagnosis
[p]S. peyrierasi is distinguished form other species in the dexis-complex by having the following characters.
[p]1) Mesonotum with a single pair of short straight standing hairs.
[p]2) First gastral tergite with a single pair of straight standing hairs close to the base.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys rabesoni [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.3, HL 0.61, HW 0.53, CI 87, ML 0.14, MI 23, SL 0.26, SI 49, PW 0.33, AL 0.64. Characters of dexis-complex. With head in full-face view the dorsal surfaces of the occipital lobes without broad spoon-shaped hairs similar in shape and size to those projecting from the upper scrobe margins. Punctures on vertex broad, numerous and crowded, the diameter of each puncture greater than the distance separating one puncture from another. Eye with 8 ommatidia in total. Pronotum distinctly broader than long in dorsal view, with scattered punctures on an otherwise smooth surface. Petiole node in dorsal view broader than long (discounting spongiform tissue). Disc of postpetiole smooth. Basigastral costulae fine and faint, but extending back over at least the basal quarter of the tergite.
----- Page 644 -----[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.3 - 2.5, HL 0.60 - 0.66, HW 0.52 - 0.58, CI 84 - 89, ML 0.13 - 0.16, MI 22 - 24, SL 0.26 - 0.29, SI 48 - 52, PW 0.32 - 0.38, AL 0.64 - 0.70 (10 measured). As holotype but eye with 7 - 10 ommatidia in total.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 9.2 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 14 deg. 45 min. S, 49 deg. 28 min. E, 1200 m, 9.xi.1994, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood) montane rainforest, #1192 (33)-1 (B. L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 11 workers and 3 queens (dealate) with same data as holotype but coded (2)-1, (3)-1, (9)-1, (11)-1, (39)-1, (40)-1, (46)-1, (47)-1, (49)-2; 1 worker and 1 queen (dealate) with same data as holotype but 1280 m, 5.xi.1994, #1158 (17)-1 and #1158 (22)-1 (B. L. Fisher) (SAM, BMNH).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: R.S. Manongarivo, 14.5 km 220 deg. SW Antanambao, 1175 m (B. L. Fisher); Prov. Toamasina, F.C. Andriantantely 530 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); P.N. Mantadia 895 m (H.J. Ratsirarson).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extends the range shown by the type-series: HL 0.60 - 0.65, HW 0.54 - 0.59, CI 88 - 99, ML 0.12 - 0.15, MI 20 - 23, SL 0.28 - 0.31, SI 48 - 55 (3 measured).
diagnosis
[p]S. rabesoni forms a close species pair with gorgon, within the dexis-complex of this group. Characters isolating rabesoni are discussed under gorgon, with further comments under dexis.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys sylvaini [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Fig. 388)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER TL 2.0, HL 0.65, HW 0.56, CI 87, ML 0.19, MI 30, SL 0.30, SI 54, PW 0.38, AL 0.71. Characters of sylvaini-complex. Entirety of head blanketed with fine, dense reticulate-punctate sculpture, opaque everywhere. Dorsum of head without scale-like hairs that are similar in size to those on the fringing rows. Instead the head dorsally with sparse, minute and inconspicuous decumbent to appressed spatulate hairs, and with a row of 4 short erect hairs close to the occipital margin. Eye with 4 - 5 ommatidia in the longest row. Dorsal alitrunk, petiole node, and postpetiolar disc finely reticulate-punctate, the postpetiolar disc with feeble longitudinal rugulae. Pleurae smooth and shining. Mesonotum with a single pair of short standing hairs, standing hairs also present as follows: 1 pair posterodorsally on the petiole node, 2 pairs posterodorsally on the postpetiole, transverse rows of hairs present between a basal and an apical row on the first gastral tergite. Infradental lamella of propodeum narrow below the triangular propodeal spines, leaving most of the spine length free. Petiole node in dorsal view broader than long. Disc of postpetiole in dorsal view not completely surrounded by spongiform tissue, the anterolateral angles and anterior halves of the sides free. Basigastral costulae short but well developed and conspicuous.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS TL 1.6 - 2.0, HL 0.60 - 0.65, HW 0.55 - 0.56, CI 86 - 91, ML 0.18 - 0.19, MI 29 - 30, SL 0.28 - 0.29, SI 51 - 53, PW 0.34 - 0.37, AL 0.67 - 72 (4 measured) As with holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker. Madagascar: 38 km S Ambalavao, Res. Andringitra 22 deg. 12’S, 46 deg. 58’E, 1680m 24.x.1993, ex root mat, montane rainforest #827-2 (B. L. Fisher) (MCZ). Paratypes. 1 worker and 1 queen (dealate) with same data as holotype, 3 worker with same data as holotype but 23.x.1993 #830 (50)-3, #830 (36)-8, and #830 (40)-5 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: R.S. Manongarivo, 17.3 km 218° SW Antanambao 1580 m (B. L. Fisher); R.S. Manongarivo, 20.4 km 219° SW Antanambao 1860 m (B. L. Fisher); 9.2 km WSW Befingotra, Rés. Anjanaharibe-Sud 1280 m (B. L. Fisher); Andranobé, Route d'Andriamena, Ca. 25 km W Morarano Sud ca 1250 m (A. Peyrieras); For. d'Ambatofitorahana 293 to 294 km on route national no. 7 1800 m (A. Peyrieras); Itremo Mts. 1680 m (A. Peyrieras); 28 km SSW Ambositra 1660 m (P. S. Ward); 29 km SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady 1700 m (B. L. Fisher); 40 km S Ambalavao, Rés. Andringitra 1275 m (B. L. Fisher); 40 km S Ambalavao, Rés. Andringitra 1275 m (B. L. Fisher); 8.0 km NE Ivohibe 1200 m (S. Razafimandimby); 9.0 km NE Ivohibe 900 m (S. Razafimandimby); R.S. Ivohibe, 7.5 km ENE Ivohibe 900 m (S. Razafimandimby); R.S. Ivohibe 8.0 km E Ivohibe 1200 m (S. Razafimandimby); R.S. Ivohibe, 6.5 km ESE Ivohibe 1575 m (S. Razafimandimby); 13 km NW Enakara, Rés. Andohahela 1250 m (B. L. Fisher); Mandena, 8.4 km NNE 30° Tolagnaro 20 m (B. L. Fisher).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extends the range shown by the type-series: HL 0.59 - 0.67, HW 0.52 - 0.57, CI 85 - 88, ML 0.18 - 0.19, MI 28 - 31.
----- Page 645 -----diagnosis
[p]One of the most widely distributed member of the dexis-group in the rainforest region of Madagascar. Distinguished from other members of the sylvaini-complex by having:
[p]1) Erect short simple hairs present on dorsal surfaces of head, alitrunk, waist segments and first gastral tergite.
[p]2) The postpetiolar disc reticulate-punctate with feeble longitudinal rugulae.
[p]3) The first gastral tergite with standing hairs present between the apical and basal rows.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys wardi [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.2, HL 0.58, HW 0.48, CI 83, ML 0.15, MI 26, SL 0.26, SI 54, PW 0.29, AL 0.60. Characters of sylvaini-complex. Entirety of head blanketed with fine, dense reticulate-punctate sculpture, opaque everywhere. Dorsum of head without scale-like hairs that are similar in size to those on the fringing rows. Instead the head dorsally with sparse, minute and inconspicuous decumbent to appressed spatulate hairs, and with a row of 4 short erect hairs close to the occipital margin. Eye with 4 - 5 ommatidia in the longest row. Dorsal alitrunk and petiole node finely reticulate-punctate, the postpetiolar disc finely longitudinally costulate. Pleurae smooth and shining. Mesonotum with a single pair of short standing hairs, standing hairs also present as follows: 1 pair posterodorsally on the petiole node, 2 pairs posterodorsally on the postpetiole, a basal and an apical transverse row on the first gastral tergite. Infradental lamella of propodeum narrow below the triangular propodeal spines, leaving most of the spine length free. Petiole node in dorsal view distinctly broader than long. Disc of postpetiole in dorsal view not completely surrounded by spongiform tissue, the anterolateral angles and anterior halves of the sides free. Basigastral costulae short but well developed and conspicuous.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 5 km SW Antalaha, 50 m, 6.xii.1993, 14 deg. 56 min. 17 sec. S, 50 deg. 15 min. 42 sec. E, secondary forest, Winkler app. 280.13485w (G. D. Alpert) (MCZ).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined: Madagascar: F.C. Didy 960 m (H. J. Ratsirarson); F.C. Andriantantely 530 m (H. J. Ratsirarson); P.N. Mantadia 895 m (H. J. Ratsirarson); Perinet (W. L. Brown); 6km ESE Andasibe 900 m (P. S. Ward); R.S. Ivohibe, 7.5 km ENE Ivohibe 900 m (S. Razafimandimby); 9.0 km NE Ivohibe 900 m (S. Razafimandimby); R.S. Ivohibe 8.0 km E Ivohibe 1200 m (S. Razafimandimby); 10 km NW Enkara, Rés. Andohahela 430 m (B. L. Fisher); 11 km NW Enakara, Rés. Andohahela 800 m (B. L. Fisher).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extends the range shown by the holotype: HL 0.59 - 0.63, HW 0.49 - 0.52, CI 81 - 83, ML 0.15 - 0.16, MI 26.
diagnosis
[p]Distinguished from other members of the sylvaini-complex by having:
[p]1) Erect short simple hairs present on dorsal surfaces of head, alitrunk, waist segments and first gastral tergite.
[p]2) The postpetiolar disc finely longitudinally costulate.
[p]3) The first gastral tergite without standing hairs between the apical and basal rows.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] godeffroyi-groupdescription:
[p]DIAGNOSIS OF WORKER
[p]Mandible in full-face view with the outer margins shallowly and evenly convex.
[p]Dentition of mandibles. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 stout tooth, each with an intercalary tooth. Each mandible with 1 stout preapical tooth which is situated in the apical third of the length of the blade. MI 40 - 43.
[p]Labral range-finder/trigger-hair paired, separate, and diverging at base .
[p]Preocular notch is vestigial or absent.
[p]Ventral preocular impression in the head absent.
[p]Eye large with maximum diameter exceeding, the maximum width of the scape.
----- Page 646 -----[p]Glands. Gland of scape near the apex on the ventral surface not apparent. Apicofemoral gland decreasing in size from hind femur where it is easily visible to the profemur where it is minute to absent. Apicotibial gland visible on hind and midtibia. Gland at base of fortibial spur conspicuous. Apicotarsal glands visible on at least first three tarsi, decreasing in size from basal tarsi where it is elongate to the third tarsal segment where it is oval. Mesopleural hair-filled gland visible and set in a narrow circular notch.
[p]Spongiform appendages of pedicel segments well developed.
[p]Pilosity. Cephalic dorsum with curved narrowly spatulate hairs on anterior two-thirds; simple standing hairs along posterior margin of head between apices of scrobes. Pronotum with a simple hairs on the humeri and several pairs medially. Mesonotum with a pair of standing hairs on anterior margin. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with simple standing hairs.
[p]Sculpture. Head, alitrunk dorsum and petiole reticulate-punctate. Gaster unsculptured except for basigastral costulae.
diagnosis
[p]S. agetos is easily distinguished from all other Malagasy species of Strumigenys by the combination of subcylindrical scapes, apical fork of mandible with two intercalary denticles between the spiniform fork teeth, each blade with 1 preapical tooth, and the absence of a preocular notch. This is predominantly a species-group of the Oriental and Malesian regions but one species is found in Mauritius. This group remains unknown in the Afrotropical region. The diagnosis above refers to the species in Mauritius. For further discussion and wider definition of the group see under the fauna of Oriental and Malesian regions.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys agetos [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Figs 390, 413)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.3, HL 0.75, HW 0.60, CI 80, ML 0.32, MI 42, SL 0.45, SI 75, PW 0.36, AL 0.84. Characters of godeffroyi -group. Mandible in full-face view with the outer margins shallowly and evenly convex, the width of the blade approximately constant from the level of the preapical tooth to near the base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 stout tooth, each with 1 or 2 intercalary teeth. Each mandible with 1 stout preapical tooth which is situated in the apical third of the length of the blade. Labral range-finder/trigger hairs paired, separate, and diverging at base. Anterior clypeal margin with impression and a row of simple hairs, curved ventrally at more or less right angles. Upper scrobe margins evenly and shallowly convex, rounding into the sides of the occipital lobes with a gentle angle in full-face view; hairs slender and similar in shape to hairs on leading edge of scape, terminating in an erect filiform hair. Eyes large, with about 20 ommatidia, the maximum diameter of the eye distinctly greater than the maximum width of the scape. Antennal scapes with their leading edges equipped with a row of slender small hairs which curve towards the apex apically. Cephalic dorsum with curved narrowly spatulate hairs on anterior two-thirds; simple standing hairs along posterior margin of head between apices of scrobes. Pronotum with a simple hairs on the humeri and several pairs medially. Mesonotum with a pair of standing hairs on anterior margin. Posterior portion of mesonotum depressed behind the level of the standing hairs. Propodeal teeth triangular and incorporated in a broad infradental lamellae. Sides of alitrunk reticulate-punctate peripherally, the pleurae mostly smooth. Pronotal dorsum reticulate-punctate and longitudinally feebly rugulose. Remainder of dorsal alitrunk reticulate-punctate. Apicofemoral gland decreasing in size from hind femur where it is easily visible to the profemur where it is minute to absent. Apicotibial gland visible on hind and midtibia. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate and distinctly longer than broad. Postpetiole smooth and shining. Spongiform appendages of pedicel segments well developed, the petiole with a medially impressed ventral strip and conspicuous lateral lobe on the node. Postpetiole with large lateral and ventral spongiform lobes of which the ventral is the larger, larger than the exposed area of the postpetiolar disc in profile.
----- Page 647 -----Basigastral costulae arising continuously across tergite; remainder of tergite smooth. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with standing hairs which are simple. Colour yellowish brown to medium brown.materials_examined
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 3.1 - 3.3, HL 0.73 - 0.76, HW 0.56 - 0.60, CI 77 - 80, ML 0.30 - 0.33, MI 40 - 43, SL 0.43 - 0.45, SI 73 - 80, PW 0.34 - 0.37, AL 0.78 - 0.85 (8 measured). As holotype.
[p]Holotype worker, Mauritius: Le Pouce 700 m 20 deg. 12 min. S, 57 deg. 31 min. E, 9.iv.1989, under stone, low closed forest #10260 (P. S. Ward) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 8 workers with same data as holotype (BMNH, SAM, UCD).
diagnosis
[p]Among the species with a cylindrical scape and preocular notch absent, agetos is immediately recognized by its mandible blade with 1 preapical tooth and apical fork with 1 or 2 intercalary teeth.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] grandidieri-groupdescription:
[p]DIAGNOSIS OF WORKER
[p]Mandible in full-face view with blades almost straight and at full closure parallel.
[p]Dentition of mandibles. Apical fork of each blade with 2 - 3 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 0 - 2 stout preapical teeth which are situated in the apical third of the length of the blade. MI 49 - 64.
[p]Labral range-finder/trigger-hair paired, combined, and directed apically.
[p]Scape elongate and cylindrical. SI 77 - 132.
[p]Upper scrobe margins ending, or at least becoming extremely indistinct, at about the level of the eye, without a row of hairs or fringed with a row of hairs which are the same shape and size as those on the cephalic dorsum.
[p]Promesonotum flat to slightly convex dorsally and bluntly marginate laterally.
[p]Preocular notch present. The ventrolateral margin of the head notched or indented immediately in front of the eye. With head in profile the preocular notch seen to continue vertically as a groove in the side of the head that extends towards the dorsal outline.
[p]Ventral preocular impression in the head present. With head in profile, preocular notch extends onto the ventral surface of the head as a transverse preocular groove that runs towards but does not reach the midline. An extremely deep and sharply defined post-buccal groove also present, extending across entire width of head immediately posterior of buccal cavity; post-buccal groove sharply separated from ventral preocular groove.
[p]Glands. Scape gland visible as a elongate patch near apex of ventral or leading edge of scape. Apicofemoral gland decreasing in size from hind femur where it is easily visible to the profemur where it is minute to absent (bibiolona, chilo, grandidieri) or absent on all femur. Apicotibial gland bola absent on all tibia of workers (dora), present only on hind tibia (actis, ampyx), or present on hind and fortibia (bibiolona, chilo, fanano, grandidieri). Gland at base of fortibial spur conspicuous. Apicotarsal glands absent (dora) or visible on at least first three tarsi, decreasing in size from basal tarsi where it is elongate to the third tarsal segment where it is oval. Mesopleural hair-filled gland visible and set in a circular notch or concave impression.
[p]Spongiform appendages of petiole segments absent or weakly developed. Ventral spongiform lobes of postpetiole nearly absent or small but distinct (actis, ampyx).
[p]Pilosity. Pronotal humerus usually without a projecting specialized hair or with a projecting stiff hair (dora, fanano). Upper scrobe margin without a row of hairs (actis, ampyx, bibiolona, chilo) or fringed by a continuos row of small curved hairs (dora, fanano, grandidieri). Cephalic dorsum with 4-6 standing hairs, usually with a transverse or of 4 near occipital margin. Mesonotum with at least 1 pair of erect hairs on anterior margin (none in bibiolona); entire body lacking flagellate hairs.
[p]Sculpture. Head and alitrunk reticulate-punctate; middorsum of head and pronotal dorsum frequently with longitudinal or oblique rugulae in grandidieri. Petiole and postpetiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate. First tergite of gaster unsculptured except for basigastral costulae or reticulate punctate (dora, fanano).
----- Page 648 -----diagnosis
[p]The presence of a preocular and ventral preocular impression in the head combined with the upper scrobe margins ending, or at least becoming extremely indistinct, at about the level of the eye is immediately diagnostic of the grandidieri-group.
discussion
[p]Members of this group contain 7 species, all of which are endemic to the Malagasy region. Members fall into 3 discrete complexes of related species.
[p]1 chilo-complex (actis, ampyx, bibiolona, chilo). Preapical teeth absent, at most a small spiniform denticle may be present immediately basal of dorsal apical tooth on right mandible. Apical fork of mandible subtended by a third, shorter spiniform tooth. Upper scrobe margin without a row of hairs.
[p]2 dora-complex (dora, fanano). Preapical teeth present and pointed. Apical fork of mandible not subtended by a third spiniform tooth; at most the ventral tooth of the fork may have a minute spur or denticle at its ventral base. Upper scrobe margin fringed by a continuos row of small curved hairs. Pronotal humerus with a projecting stiff hair. First gastral tergite and sternite densely punctate over the anterior half or more of the sclerite.
[p]3 grandidieri-complex (grandidieri). Preapical teeth present and truncate. Apical fork of mandible not subtended by a third spiniform tooth; at most the ventral tooth of the fork may have a minute spur or denticle at its ventral base. Upper scrobe margin fringed by a continuos row of small curved hairs. Pronotal humerus without a projecting specialized hair. Gaster unsculptured except for basigastral costulae.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys actis [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.4, HL 0.88, HW 0.70, CI 80, ML 0.46, MI 52, SL 0.59, SI 84, PW 0.36, AL 0.85. Characters of chilo-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel. Apical fork of mandible subtended by a third, shorter spiniform tooth; the fork effectively 3-dentate, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Preapical teeth absent. Upper scrobe margins ending, or at least becoming extremely indistinct, at about the level of the eye; when viewed in profile, upper scrobe margin extends posteriorly across dorsal apex of vertical preocular groove of side of head; preocular groove meets and is interrupted by the upper scrobe margin before reaching the cephalic dorsum. Eyes large, convex, and plainly visible in full-face view. Antennal scapes long and slender, approximately straight, the leading edges equipped with a row of slender hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with curved spoon-shape ground-pilosity; the upper scrobe margins without a row of hairs. Cephalic dorsum with 4 simple standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Mesonotum with a single pair of stout standing hairs situated on anterior margin. Propodeum with one pair of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk as on head but sparser. With the alitrunk in profile the posterior portion of the mesonotum sharply depressed, the metanotal groove represented by a shallow impression. Humeral angles rounded. Lateral margin of posterior pronotum bluntly marginate. Anterior mesonotum with a narrow carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a concave impression. Propodeal tooth long, slender, almost spiniform; infradental lamella absent. Alitrunk dorsum and sides reticulate-punctate. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate and much longer than broad. Postpetiole reticulate-punctate. Spongiform appendages of pedicel weakly developed. Postpetiole with small but distinct lateral and ventral spongiform lobes. Basigastral costulae fine across base of gaster without a central clear area; gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Dorsal surfaces of petiole often with a pair of short posteriorly projecting hairs; postpetiole with a pair posteriorly projecting stout hairs; gaster with stout standing hairs which are weakly swollen apically. Colour dull yellow to light medium brown.
materials_examined
----- Page 649 -----[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 43 km S Ambalavao, Res. Andringitra, 22 deg. 14 min. S, 47 deg. 00 min. E, 825 m, 5.x.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold rotten wood), rainforest #747 (14)-8 (B. L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: Perinet 900 m, (J.-M. Betsch); Ranomafana Nat. Park, Vohiparara Forest, 1160 m (E. Rajeriarison); Parc Nat. de Ranomafana (Bartolozzi et al.); Ranamafana Nat. Park, 1040 m (W. E. Steiner); 7 km W Ranomafana, 900 m (W. E. Steiner); 3 km W Ranomafana, 950 m (P. S. Ward); 7.5 km ENE Ivohibe, 900 m (S. Razafimandimby); 9.0 NE Ivohibe, 900 m (S. Razafimandimby).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extend the range shown by the types series: TL 3.3 - 3.9, HL 0.86 - 1.01, HW 0.65 - 0.86, CI 75 - 92, ML 0.44 - 0.54, MI 49 - 59, SL 0.56 - 0.70, SI 79 - 86, PW 0.34 - 0.41, AL 0.80 - 0.99 (9 measured).
diagnosis
[p]Among the Malagasy species that have an apical fork of mandible subtended by a shorter third tooth, S. actis is easily isolated by the following characters:
[p]1) Upper scrobe margins ending, or at least becoming extremely indistinct, at about the level of the eye; when viewed in profile, upper scrobe margin extends posteriorly across dorsal apex of vertical preocular groove of side of head; preocular groove meets and is interrupted by the upper scrobe margin before reaching the cephalic dorsum.
[p]2) Mesonotum with 1 pair of erect hairs on anterior margin.
[p]3) Cephalic dorsum with a transverse row of four erect hairs immediately in front of occipital margin.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys ampyx [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.6, HL 0.76, HW 0.64, CI 85, ML 0.42, MI 55, SL 0.52, SI 81, PW 0.33, AL 0.76. Characters of chilo-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel. Apical fork of mandible subtended by a third, shorter spiniform tooth; the fork effectively 3-dentate, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Preapical teeth absent, small spiniform denticle often present immediately basal of dorsal apical tooth on right mandible. Upper scrobe margins ending, or at least becoming extremely indistinct, at about the level of the eye; when viewed in profile, upper scrobe margin extends posteriorly across dorsal apex of vertical preocular groove of side of head; preocular groove meets and is interrupted by the upper scrobe margin before reaching the cephalic dorsum. Eyes large, convex, and plainly visible in full-face view. Antennal scapes long and slender, approximately straight, the leading edges equipped with a row of slender hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with curved spoon-shape ground-pilosity; the upper scrobe margins without a row of hairs. Cephalic dorsum with 6 simple standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotum without standing hairs. Mesonotum with two pairs of stout standing remiform to narrowly clavate hairs: a pair on anterior margin and a posteriorly situated pair. Propodeum with one pair of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk as on head but sparser. With the alitrunk in profile the posterior portion of the mesonotum sharply depressed, the metanotal groove represented by a shallow impression. Humeral angles rounded. Lateral margin of posterior pronotum bluntly marginate. Anterior mesonotum with a narrow carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a circular impression. Propodeal tooth long, slender, almost spiniform; infradental lamella absent. Alitrunk dorsum and sides reticulate-punctate. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate and much longer than broad. Postpetiole reticulate-punctate. Spongiform appendages of pedicel weakly developed. Postpetiole with small but distinct lateral and ventral spongiform lobes. Basigastral costulae fine and superficial across base of gaster without a central clear area; gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Dorsal surfaces of petiole and postpetiole each with a pair posteriorly projecting stout hairs; gaster with stout standing hairs which are weakly swollen apically. Colour dull yellow to light medium brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.9 - 3.1, HL 0.74 - 0.79, HW 0.62 - 0.67, CI 83 - 87, ML 0.40 - 0.43, MI 53 - 57, SL 0.50 - 0.55, SI 78 - 85, PW 0.32 - 0.35, AL 0.72 - 0.77 (8
----- Page 650 -----measured). As holotype.materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Isalo Nat. Park, Ranohira Canion de Singe forest, 800 m, 22 deg. 29 min. S, 45 deg. 33 min. E, 17.ii.1993, twig nest, #1397w (E. Rajeriarison) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 10 workers with same data as holotype but coded: #.13962, .13965, .13968, .13970, .13977 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: F.C. Didy 960 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); 6 km ESE Andasibe, 900 m (P. S. Ward); Ranomafana (A. Kingman); Ranomafana (V. Roth); 7 km W Ranomafana Nat. Park, 900 m (W. E. Steiner); Isalo Nat. Park (E. Rajeriarison).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extend the range shown by the types series: HL 0.80 - 0.81, HW 0.66 - 0.73, CI 83 - 89, ML 0.43 - 0.46, MI 53 - 57, SL 0.54 - 0.57, SI 77 - 82 (3 measured).
diagnosis
[p]Among the Malagasy species that have an apical fork of mandible subtended by a shorter third tooth, S. ampyx is easily isolated by the following characters:
[p]1) Upper scrobe margins ending, or at least becoming extremely indistinct, at about the level of the eye; when viewed in profile, upper scrobe margin extends posteriorly across dorsal apex of vertical preocular groove of side of head; preocular groove meets and is interrupted by the upper scrobe margin before reaching the cephalic dorsum.
[p]2) Mesonotum with 2 pair of erect hairs on anterior margin.
[p]3) Cephalic dorsum with a transverse row of six erect hairs immediately in front of occipital margin.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys bibiolona [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.5, HL 0.85, HW 0.52, CI 61, ML 0.51, MI 60, SL 0.65, SI 126, PW 0.32, AL 0.91. Characters of chilo-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel. Apical fork of mandible subtended by a third, shorter spiniform tooth; the fork effectively 3-dentate, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Preapical teeth absent. Upper scrobe margins ending anterior of preocular groove; when viewed in profile, upper scrobe margin curves downwards at anterior margin of vertical preocular groove of side of head and almost meets preocular lamina; scrobe margin does not extend across dorsal apex of preocular groove so that the latter extends uninterrupted to the cephalic dorsum. Eyes large, convex, and plainly visible in full-face view. Dorsum of head evenly and gradually curved from middorsum to posterior margin of occipital corner; in profile, outline of dorsal margin of occipital corners curved. Antennal scapes long and slender, approximately straight, the leading edges equipped with a row of slender hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum with inconspicuous curved fine ground-pilosity; the upper scrobe margins without a row of hairs. Cephalic dorsum with 4 simple standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Alitrunk dorsum without standing hairs. Propodeum without a pair of short posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk as on head but sparser. With the alitrunk in profile the posterior portion of the mesonotum sharply depressed, the metanotal groove represented by a shallow impression. Humeral angles rounded. Lateral margin of posterior pronotum bluntly marginate. Anterior mesonotum without a narrow carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a concave impression. Propodeal spines slender, almost spiniform; spines long, much longer than distance between base of spines, infradental lamella absent. Alitrunk dorsum and sides reticulate-punctate. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate and much longer than broad. Postpetiole reticulate-punctate. Spongiform appendages of pedicel segments absent. Disc of postpetiole with spongiform collar. Basigastral costulae absent. First gastral tergite and sternite with superficial reticulate-punctate sculpturing over the anterior half or less of the sclerite, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Petiole without erect hairs. Dorsal surfaces of postpetiole with a pair posteriorly projecting stout hairs; gaster with stout standing hairs which are weakly swollen apically. Colour dull yellow to light brown.
----- Page 651 -----[p]PARATYPE WORKER TL 3.3 - 3.5, HL 0.80 - 0.85, HW 0.48 - 0.54, CI 60 - 64, ML 0.49 - 0.52, MI 60 - 64, SL 0.63 - 0.67, SI 117 - 132, PW 0.30 - 0.34 AL 0.87 - 0.93 (4 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Antsiranana, R.S. Manongarivo, 10.8 km 229 deg. SW Antanambao, 400 m, 13 deg. 57.7 min. S, 48 deg. 26.0 E, 8.xi.1998, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), rainforest #1996 (37)-3 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 22 worker and 3 queens (dealate) with same data as holotype but coded (2)-4, (21)-4, (27)-2, (28)-4, (29)-2, (30)-5, (31)-1, (31)-2, (34)-2, (38)-4, (40)-4, (41)-2, (42)-3, (44)-2, (46)-5, (54)-3, (54)-5, (57)-2, (60)-3, (64)-1, (64)-2, (65)-1, (68)-3, (74)-2 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: R.S. Manongarivo, 12.8 km 228 deg. SW Antanambao, 780 m (B. L. Fisher); R.S. Manongarivo, 14.5 km 220 deg. SW Antanambao, 1175 m (B. L. Fisher); Ampasindava, 3 km SE Ampopo 300 m (J. -M. Betsch).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extends the range shown by the type-series: HL 0.85 - 0.97, HW 0.52 - 0.59, CI 58 - 66, ML 0.53 - 0.59, MI 61 - 64, SL 0.66 - 0.74, SI 115 - 131 (5 measured).
diagnosis
[p]S. bibiolona forms a close species pair with chilo within the grandidieri-group. S. bibiolona is known only from collections from the humid forest in the northwest of Madagascar, while chilo is found throughout the eastern rainforest. Similarities of the two species are discussed under chilo. S. bibiolona is easily isolated from chilo by the following characters:
[p]1) Dorsum of head evenly and gradually curved from middorsum to posterior margin of occipital corner; in profile, outline of dorsal margin of occipital corners curved, not flat.
[p]2) Propodeal spines long, much longer than distance between base of spines.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys chilo [author] Fisher [status] sp. n (Figs 391, 415)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.2, HL 0.80, HW 0.61, CI 76, ML 0.45, MI 56, SL 0.56, SI 92, PW 0.33, AL 0.82. Characters of chilo-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel. Apical fork of mandible subtended by a third, shorter spiniform tooth; the fork effectively 3-dentate, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Preapical teeth absent. Upper scrobe margins ending anterior of preocular groove; when viewed in profile, upper scrobe margin curves downwards at anterior margin of vertical preocular groove of side of head and forms a carina that almost meets preocular lamina; scrobe margin does not extend across dorsal apex of preocular groove so that the latter extends uninterrupted to the cephalic dorsum. Eyes large, convex, and plainly visible in full-face view. Dorsum of head sharply depressed behind middorsum, forming a very shallow concave impression before occipital angles; in profile, outline of dorsal margin of occipital corners almost flat. Antennal scapes long and slender, approximately straight, the leading edges equipped with a row of slender hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum with inconspicuous curved fine ground-pilosity; the upper scrobe margins without a row of hairs. Cephalic dorsum with 4 simple standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotum without standing hairs. Mesonotum with one pairs of stout standing remiform to narrowly clavate hairs on anterior margin. Propodeum with one or two pairs of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines or on the basal third of the spines. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk as on head but sparser. With the alitrunk in profile the posterior portion of the mesonotum sharply depressed, the metanotal groove represented by a shallow impression. Humeral angles rounded to bluntly marginate. Lateral margin of posterior pronotum bluntly marginate. Anterior mesonotum without a narrow carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a concave impression. Propodeal spines slender, almost spiniform; length of spines about equal to distance between base of spines, distance between base of spines measured distal to basal curvature,
----- Page 652 -----infradental lamella absent. Alitrunk dorsum and sides reticulate-punctate. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate and much longer than broad. Postpetiole reticulate-punctate. Spongiform appendages of petiole absent, extremely reduced in postpetiole. Disc of postpetiole with spongiform collar. Basigastral costulae fine to superficial across base of gaster without a central clear area; gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Dorsal surfaces of petiole and postpetiole each with a pair posteriorly projecting stout hairs; gaster with stout standing hairs which are weakly swollen apically. Colour dull yellow to light brown.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 3.4 - 3.6, HL 0.85 - 0.90, HW 0.61 - 0.68, CI 71 - 77, ML 0.50 - 0.52, MI 58 - 60, SL 0.62 - 0.65, SI 94 - 103, PW 0.34 - 0.37, AL 0.89 - 0.96 (4 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe, 15 deg. 40 min. S, 49 deg. 58 min. E, 425 m, 21.xi.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), rainforest, #926 (23)-10 (B. L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 2 workers with same data as holotype but coded (27)-8, (11)-6; 2 workers and 1 queen (dealate) with same data as holotype but labeled 25.xi.1993, ex rotten log, rainforest, and coded #961 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: Nosy Mangabe, 150 m (P. S. Ward); Mangabé Isl. (W. L. and D. E. Brown); 6.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, 25 m (B. L. Fisher); 1 km W Andampibe, Cap Masoala, 125 m (G. D. Alpert); 2 km W Andampibe, Cap Masoala, 125 m (Alpert et al.); 10 km NNE Fenoarivo Atn., S. F. Tampolo, 10 m (B. L. Fisher); F.C. Didy 960 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); F.C. Andrianantantely 530 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); P.N. Mantadia 895 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); F.C. Sandranantitra 450 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); Perinet (W. L. Brown); 6 km ESE Andasibe, 900 m (P. S. Ward); ); Rte. d’Anosibe, Km 33 (A. Peyrieras); 7 km W Ranomafana, 900 m (W. E. Steiner); Ranomafana Mieranony Village (G. D. Alpert); 43 km S Ambalavao, Res. Andringitra, 825 m (B. L. Fisher); 7.5 km ENE Ivohibe, 900 m (S. Razafimandimby); 9.0 NE Ivohibe, 900 m (S. Razafimandimby); 10 km NW Enakara, Res. Andohahela, 430 m (B. L. Fisher); 6 km SSW Eminiminy, Res. Andohahela, 330 m (P. S. Ward); 6 km SSW Eminiminy, Res. Andohahela, 330 m (Alpert et al.); 6 km SSW Eminiminy, Res. Andohahela, 250 m (W. E. Steiner); 2.7 km WNW 302 deg. Ste. Luce 20 m (B. L. Fisher); Mandena, 8.4 km NNE 30° Tolagnaro 20 m (B.L.Fisher).
description:
[p] The non-paratypic material shows greater size variation than the type-series alone: HL 0.68 - 0.97, HW 0.50 - 0.72, CI 71 - 79, ML 0.40 - 0.55, MI 56 - 63, SL 0.47 - 0.67, SI 91 - 106 (12 measured), but otherwise matches all critical diagnostic characters.
diagnosis
[p]S. chilo is a widely distributed in Madagascar rain forests and forms a close species pair with bibiolona within the grandidieri-group. They both have an apical fork of the mandible subtended by a shorter third tooth, and the scrobe margin does not extend across dorsal apex of preocular groove so that the latter extends uninterrupted to the cephalic dorsum.
[p]S. chilo is easily isolated from bibiolona by the following characters:
[p]1) Dorsum of head sharply depressed behind middorsum, forming a very shallow concave impression before occipital angles; in profile, outline of dorsal margin of occipital corners almost flat.
[p]2) Propodeal spines shorter, length of spines about equal to distance between base of spines, distance between base of spines measured distal to basal curvature.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys dora [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.2, HL 0.73, HW 0.57, CI 79, ML 0.37, MI 52, SL 0.46, SI 81, PW 0.36, AL 0.75. Characters of dora-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel. Apical fork of mandible with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 2 preapical teeth which are situated in the apical third of the length of the blade; proximal preapical teeth longer than the distal. Upper scrobe margins ending, or at least becoming extremely indistinct, at about the level of the eye. Eyes large, convex, and plainly visible in full-face view. Antennal scapes stout, curved near base, widest at about the midlength, the leading edges equipped with a row of hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum with curved remiform to narrowly clavate ground-pilosity; the upper scrobe margin fringed with a row of hairs which are the same shape and size as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 6 simple standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal humerus with a projecting stiff hair. Alitrunk dorsum
----- Page 653 -----with numerous standing simple hairs. Declivitous face of propodeum with one pair of simple hairs situated at central lateral margins. Alitrunk dorsum with small curved narrowly clavate ground-pilosity. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline shallowly convex anteriorly and more or less flat posteriorly; posterior portion of mesonotum slightly depressed below the anterior margin of the propodeum, the metanotal groove represented by a distinct impression. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum without a distinct carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a concave impression. Propodeal spines triangular, spongiform, infradental lamella narrow. Alitrunk dorsum and sides reticulate-punctate, katepisternum smooth and shiny. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate and approximately as long as broad. Postpetiole reticulate-punctate. Spongiform appendages of petiole and postpetiole segments absent, except for a spongiform collar on posterior margin of postpetiole. First gastral tergite and sternite densely punctate over anterior half or more of the sclerite; basigastral costulae short and obscured by punctate sculpture of gaster. Dorsum of petiole with at least 3 pairs of standing hairs. Dorsal surfaces of postpetiole and gaster with stout standing hairs which are weakly swollen apically. Colour chocolate brown.materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 18 km NW Betroka, 23 deg. 9 min. 48 sec. S, 45 deg. 58 min. 7 sec. E., 825 m, 24-29.xi.1994, savanna #.17216 (Ivie and Pollock) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 2 queens (alate and dealate) with same data as holotype but coded .15822, 16453 (BMNH, MCZ).
diagnosis
[p]Among the grandidieri-group species with a 2-dentate apical fork, dora is the only member with the first gastral tergite and sternite densely punctate over anterior half or more of the sclerite, and dorsum of petiole with at least 3 pairs of hairs.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys fanano [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Fig. 392)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.0, HL 0.70, HW 0.59, CI 84, ML 0.40, MI 57, SL 0.48, SI 81, PW 0.35, AL 0.71. Characters of dora-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel. Apical fork of mandible with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 2 preapical teeth or denticles which are situated in the apical third of the length of the blade; proximal preapical teeth long and spiniform, distal teeth small and reduced to a denticle. Upper scrobe margins ending, or at least becoming extremely indistinct, at about the level of the eye. Eyes large, convex, and plainly visible in full-face view. Antennal scapes slender and subcylindrical, curved near base, the leading edges equipped with a row of hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum with appressed remiform to narrowly clavate ground-pilosity; the upper scrobe margin fringed with a row of hairs which are the same shape and size as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 4 simple standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal humerus with a projecting stiff hair. Anterior margin of mesonotum with a pair of stout filiform hairs. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk as on head but sparser. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and more or less flat posteriorly; the metanotal groove represented by a shallow impression. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum without a carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a concave impression. Propodeal spines narrowly triangular and almost spiniform, infradental lamella absent. Alitrunk dorsum and sides reticulate-punctate. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate and slightly broader than long. Postpetiole reticulate-punctate. Spongiform appendages of petiole and postpetiole segments extremely reduced to absent, spongiform collar present on disc of postpetiole. First gastral tergite and sternite densely punctate over anterior half or more of the sclerite; basigastral costulae absent. Dorsum of petiole with one pair of posterior projecting hairs. Dorsal surfaces of postpetiole and gaster with stout standing hairs which are weakly swollen apically. Colour orange brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 3.1, HL 0.71, HW 0.55, CI 78, ML 0.39, MI 56, SL 0.48, SI 86, PW 0.34, AL 0.69 (1 measured). As holotype.
----- Page 654 -----materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Res. Ankarana, 7 km SE Matsaborimanga, 12 deg. 54 min. S, 49 deg. 07 min. E, 150 m, 28.xi.1990, sifted litter (leaf mold rotten wood), montane rainforest #11010-8 (P. S. Ward) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 1 worker with same data as holotype (BMNH).
diagnosis
[p]Among the grandidieri-group species with a 2-dentate apical fork, fanano is the only member with the first gastral tergite and sternite densely punctate over anterior half or more of the sclerite, and only a single posterior projecting pair of hairs on petiole. Its orange brown colour and reticulate-punctate sculpture on sides of alitrunk also help identify this species.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys grandidieri [author] Forel (Figs 393, 414)[citation] Strumigenys grandidieri Forel, 1892: 517. Syntype worker, Madagascar: Forêt d’Andrangoloaka (Sikora) (MCZ) [examined]. [Strumigenys grandidieri: Santschi, 1913a: 259; W.M. Wheeler, 1922a: 1034 and Emery, 1924: 320 (catalogues); Brown, 1954: 12 (redescription of worker); Bolton, 1995b: 397 (catalogue).]description:
[p]WORKER. TL 4.8 - 5.8, HL 1.25 - 1.45, HW 0.97 - 1.14, CI 76 - 80, ML 0.67 - 0.76, MI 52 - 57, SL 0.87 - 1.03, SI 89 - 93, PW 0.52 - 0.57, AL 1.26 - 1.49 (9 measured). Characters of grandidieri- complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel. Apical fork of mandible with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 2 preapical short truncate teeth of similar size which are situated in the apical third of the length of the blade, proximal preapical tooth occasionally reduced on left blade. Upper scrobe margins ending, or at least becoming extremely indistinct, at about the level of the eye. Eyes large, convex, and plainly visible in full-face view. Antennal scapes slender and subcylindrical, more or less straight, the leading edges equipped with a row of fine hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum with curved narrowly spatulate ground-pilosity; hairs on upper scrobe margin are the same shape and size as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 6 simple standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair on vertex. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate with superimposed rugulation. Pronotal humerus without a projecting hair. Anterior margin of mesonotum with a pair of stout filiform hairs. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk as on head but sparser. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly, posterior mesonotum forming a long slope down to the metanotal groove, propodeal dorsum more or less flat. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum with a distinct narrow carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a broad concave impression. Propodeal spines narrowly triangular and almost spiniform, divergent, infradental lamella absent. Alitrunk dorsum and sides densely reticulate-punctate, central katepisternum occasionally smooth and shiny. Fine rugulose sculpture present on alitrunk dorsum, most distinct on anterior pronotal margin. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate and slightly longer than broad. Postpetiole reticulate-punctate. Spongiform appendages of petiole and postpetiole segments extremely reduced nearly absent, spongiform collar present on disc of postpetiole. Basigastral costulae short and distinct, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Petiole disc without standing hairs. Dorsum of postpetiole with one pair of posterior projecting hairs. Dorsal surface of gaster with stout standing hairs. Colour yellowish brown to medium brown.
diagnosis
[p]Among the grandidieri-group species, grandidieri is the only member with truncate preapical teeth. Its large size and lack of a projecting specialized hair on pronotal humerus also help identify this species.
materials_examined
[p]Material examined. Madagascar: 25 km NNE Ankazobe, 1500 m (P. S. Ward); P.N. Mantadia 895 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); Perinet (W. L. Brown); 7 km W Ranomafana, 900 m (W. E. Steiner); 7 km W Ranomafana 1000 m (G. D. Alpert); 8.0 km E Ivohibe, R. S. Ivohibe 1200 m (S. Razafimandimby); 13 km NW Enakara, Res. Andohahela, 1250 m (B. L. Fisher).
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] koningsbergeri-groupdescription:
[p]DIAGNOSIS OF WORKER
[p]Mandible in full-face view robust; outer margins of mandible shallowly convex in full-face view.
[p]Dentition of mandibles. Apical fork of mandible with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Mandible blade without defined preapical teeth; a rounded tumulus or rarely a minute acute denticle present on the posterior apex of the preapical concavity. MI 42 - 50.
[p]Scape elongate, subcylindrical, curved near base, and widest at about the midlength, SI 61 - 75.
[p]Labral range-finder/trigger-hair paired, combined, and directed apically.
[p]Eyes small, convex, the maximum diameter of eye slightly smaller than maximum width of the antennal scape.
[p]Preocular notch deep and strongly incised; notch so strongly incised that in dorsal view anterior portion of eye is detached from side of head. With head in ventral view the preocular notch forms the apex of a transverse impression or trench in the ventral surface of the head capsule that extends towards the midline. This ventral preocular groove is posterior to, and separated from, the marked postbuccal groove.
[p]Glands. Gland bola of scape, femur, tibia, fortibial spur, and tarsi not visible. Mesopleural hair-filled gland visible and set in a narrow circular notch.
[p]Spongiform appendages of petiole weakly developed, petiole with a narrow ventral curtain. Postpetiole with small but distinct lateral and ventral spongiform lobes.
[p]Pilosity. Cephalic dorsum clothed with inconspicuous small curved spatulate to narrowly spoon-shape ground-pilosity; the upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs which are similar in shape and size as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 6 simple standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin and often with a pair close to highest point of vertex. Pronotal humerus without a projecting specialized hair. Mesonotum with a single pair of stout standing hairs situated on anterior margin. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole, and gaster with stout standing remiform hairs; flagellate hairs always absent.
[p]Sculpture. Head and alitrunk reticulate-punctate; middorsum of head and pronotal dorsum frequently with longitudinal or oblique rugulae. Petiole node in dorsal view finely reticulate-punctate. Postpetiole finely reticulate-punctate. Gaster unsculptured except for basigastral costulae.
diagnosis
[p]The presence of a rounded tumulus on the posterior apex of the preapical concavity of the mandible blade is immediately diagnostic of the koningsbergeri-group in Madagascar.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys dicomas [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Figs 394, 416)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.6, HL 1.01, HW 0.93, CI 93, ML 0.48, MI 47, SL 0.63, SI 67, PW 0.42, AL 0.86. Characters of koningsbergeri -group. Outer margins of mandibles shallowly convex in full-face view. Apical fork of mandible with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Mandible blade without defined preapical teeth; a rounded tumulus or rarely a minute acute denticle may be present on the posterior apex of the preapical concavity. Upper scrobe margin bordered by a conspicuous laminar rim or flange throughout its length, eyes partially visible in full face view. Eyes small, convex, the maximum diameter of eye slightly smaller than maximum width of the antennal scape. Antennal scapes curved near base, widest at about the midlength and the leading edges equipped with a row of slender hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum clothed with inconspicuous small curved spatulate to narrowly spoon-shape ground-pilosity; the upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs which are similar in shape and size as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 6 simple standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin and many of the paratype material have a more anteriorly situated pair at the apex of the middorsum. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate, middorsum rugulose in larger specimens. Mesonotum with a single pair of stout standing hairs situated on anterior margin. Propodeum without a pair of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately
----- Page 656 -----anterior of propodeal spines. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk as on head but sparser. With the alitrunk in profile the posterior portion of the mesonotum sharply depressed, the metanotal groove represented by a shallow impression. Humeral angles rounded. Lateral margin of posterior pronotum bluntly marginate. Anterior mesonotum with a distinct narrow carina above the mesothoracic spiracle. Mesopleural hair organ set in a concave impression. Propodeal tooth long, slender, recurved; infradental lamella absent. Alitrunk dorsum reticulate-punctate; lateral margins of pronotum rugulose; pleurae more or less smooth centrally with peripheral with reticulate-punctate sculpture. Petiole node in dorsal view finely reticulate-punctate, exposed area of cuticle slightly broader than long. Postpetiole finely reticulate-punctate. Spongiform appendages of petiole weakly developed, petiole with a narrow ventral curtain. Postpetiole with small but distinct lateral and ventral spongiform lobes. Basigastral costulae short and distinct; gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole, and gaster with stout standing hairs which are swollen apically. Colour dull yellow to light medium brown.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 3.6 - 4.2, HL 1.00 - 1.17, HW 0.91 - 1.11, CI 90 - 95, ML 0.48 - 0.55, MI 46 - 49, SL 0.62 - 0.70, SI 63 - 68, PW 0.41 - 0.49, AL 0.81 - 1.02 (9 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 9.2 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 14 deg. 45 min. S, 49 deg. 28 min. E, 1200 m, 9.xi.1994, sifted litter (leaf mold rotten wood), montane rainforest #1192 (12)-14 (B. L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 9 workers 2 queens (dealate) with same data as holotype but coded (3)-9, (23)-9, (24)-9, (24)-10, (29)-8, (36)-9, (40)-4, (50)-10, (L.O.)-10. (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: R.S. Manongarivo, 10.8 km 229 deg. SW Antanambao, 400 m (B. L. Fisher); R.S. Manongarivo, 12.8 km 228 deg. SW Antanambao, 780 m (B. L. Fisher); R.S. Manongarivo, 14.5 km 220 deg. SW Antanambao, 1175 m (B. L. Fisher); 9.2 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 1280 m (B. L. Fisher); RNI Marojejy, 375 m, 665 m (G. D. Alpert); 55 km S Antalaha, Nosy Ngontsy, 1 m (Alpert et al.); 19 km ESE Maroantsetra, 350 m (P. S. Ward); 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe, 425 m (B. L. Fisher); 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, 825 m (B. L. Fisher); Nosy Mangabe, 20 m (P. S. Ward); S. F. Tampolo, 10 m (B. L. Fisher); Causse de Kelifely (A. Peyrieras); Route d’Andriamena (A. Peyrieras); Forêt d’Andranobe, Road to Andriamena 1200 m, no. 962 (J. -M. Betsch); F.C. Sandranantitra 450 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); F.C. Didy 960 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); F.C. Andrianantantely 530 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); P.N. Mantadia 895 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); Perinet (W. L. Brown); Andasibe, 870 m (Alpert et al.); For. d'Ambatofitorahana 293 to 294 km on route national no. 7, 1800 m, no. 3000 (J. -M. Betsch); 3 km W Ranomafana, 950 m (P. S. Ward); Ranomafana Nat. Park, Maharira Forest, 1130 m (E. Rajeriarison); Ranomafana Nat. Park Andranobe, Vohiparara Forest, 1160 m (E. Rajeriarison); 45 km S Ambalavao, 785 m (B. L. Fisher); 11 km NW Enakara, Res. Andohahela, 800 m (B. L. Fisher).
description:
[p]The non-paratypic material shows greater size variation than the type-series alone: HL 0.86 - 1.09, HW 0.75 - 1.04, CI 87 - 95, ML 0.41 - 0.52, MI 42 - 50, SL 0.53 - 0.68, SI 61 - 75 (12 measured), but otherwise matches all critical diagnostic characters.
diagnosis
[p]S. dicomas is widely distributed but easily recognized. In Malagasy region, S. dicomas is the only species with a rounded tumulus present on the posterior apex of the preapical concavity of the mandible blade. Among the species with a 2-dentate apical fork, it is the only member without distinct preapical teeth on the mandible blade.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] rogeri-groupdescription:
[p]DIAGNOSIS OF WORKER
[p]Mandible in full-face view with blades almost straight and at full closure parallel (diverging apically in vazimba).
[p]Dentition of mandibles. Apical fork of each blade with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 1 or 2 stout preapical teeth which are situated in the apical third of the length of the blade; proximal preapical teeth when present slightly longer than the distal.
[p]Labral range-finder/trigger-hair paired, combined, and directed apically.
[p]Scape elongate and more or less cylindrical.
[p]Promesonotum flat to slightly convex dorsally and bluntly marginate laterally.
[p]Preocular notch present. The ventrolateral margin of the head notched or indented immediately in front of the eye. With head in profile the preocular notch seen to continue vertically as a groove in the side of the head that extends towards the dorsal outline.
[p]Ventral preocular impression in the head present. With head in profile, preocular notch extends onto the ventral surface of the head as a transverse preocular groove that runs towards but does not reach the midline. An extremely deep and sharply defined post-buccal groove also present, extending across entire width of head immediately posterior of
----- Page 657 -----buccal cavity; post-buccal groove sharply separated from ventral preocular groove.[p]Glands. Scape gland absent (admixta, ection, labaris, luca, milae, nambao, rogeri, sphera, vazimba) or visible as a elongate patch near apex of ventral or leading edge of scape (carisa, fronto, hilaris, lysis, norax). Apicofemoral gland absent on all femora of workers. Apicotibial gland bola absent on all tibia of workers. Gland at base of fortibial spur conspicuous. Apicotarsal glands visible on at least first three tarsi, decreasing in size from basal tarsi where it is elongate to the third tarsal segment where it is oval. Mesopleural hair-filled gland visible and set in a circular notch or concave impression.
[p]Spongiform appendages of petiole usually well developed into a ventral curtain, but occasionally very narrow or nearly absent (carisa, hilaris, luca, milae). Postpetiole with lateral and ventral lobes. Infradental lamella of propodeum absent or very narrow.
[p]Pilosity. Pronotal humerus without a projecting specialized hair (admixta, ection, hilaris, labaris, luca, milae), or with a projecting stiff filiform hair (carisa, fronto, lysis, nambao, norax) or with a flagellate hair (rogeri). Cephalic dorsum with a transverse row of 4-6 hairs near occipital margin and 1 pair near vertex. Upper scrobe margin posteriorly with 2 - 4 (usually 3) stiff erect hairs that are longer than hairs on leading edge of scape (fronto, nambao, norax). Upper scrobe margins with filiform or narrowly spatulate to spoon-shaped hairs on leading edge of scape. Mesonotum usually with 1 pair of erect hairs on anterior margin or occasionally with two pairs on mesonotum (ection, milae, norax).
[p]Sculpture. Head and alitrunk reticulate-punctate, occasionally with longitudinal or oblique rugulae or costulae; pleurae usually smooth, rarely punctate. Gaster unsculptured except for basigastral costulae.
diagnosis
[p]S. rogeri-group is immediately diagnostic by the following characters: preocular and ventral preocular grooves present in head, scrobe and its dorsal margin, extending posteriorly well beyond level of eye and with head in profile, and mandible with 1 or 2 sharply defined acute preapical teeth and/or denticles.
discussion
[p]Members of this group fall into 6 discrete complexes of related species.
[p]1) rogeri-complex (rogeri). Left and right mandibles each with 2 preapical teeth, the proximal spiniform longer than the distal. Pronotal humeri each with a flagellate hair. Head tending to be somewhat shorter and narrower than in lysis- and hilaris-complexes, HL 0.59 - 0.61, HW 0.44 - 0.47.
[p]2) lysis-complex (lysis, nambao, norax). Left and right mandibles each with 2 preapical teeth, the proximal spiniform longer than the distal. Pronotal humeri each with a stiff erect filiform hair. HL 0.63 - 0.74, HW 0.47 - 0.60.
[p]3) hilaris-complex (hilaris, luca, milae). Left and right mandibles each with 2 preapical teeth, the proximal spiniform longer than the distal. Pronotal humeri each without an erect hair. HL 0.63 - 0.75, HW 0.52 - 0.61.
[p]4) carisa-complex (carisa, fronto). Left and right mandibles each with 1 preapical tooth or denticle. Pronotal humeri each with a long stiff projecting filiform hair. HL 0.80 - 1.00, HW 0.63 - 0.76.
[p]5) sphera-complex (admixta, ection, labaris, sphera). Left and right mandibles each with 1 preapical tooth or denticle. Pronotal humeri without projecting hairs. Head shorter and narrower than in vazimba-complex, HL 0.64 - 1.06, HW 0.51 - 0.88.
[p]6) vazimba-complex (vazimba). Left and right mandibles each with 1 preapical tooth or denticle. Pronotal humeri without projecting hairs. Head longer and broader than in all other complexes, HL 1.32 - 1.66, HW 1.28 - 1.65.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys admixta [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.5, HL 0.65, HW 0.58, CI 90, ML 0.32, MI 49, SL 0.42, SI 72, PW 0.31, AL 0.62. Characters of sphera-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure nearly parallel. Apical fork of mandible with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 1 preapical acute tooth which is situated in the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin extending to occipital lobe with a projecting lamellate flange throughout its length, eyes not visible in full-face view. Eyes small, convex, maximum width of eye less than the maximum width of antennal scape. Basal portion of antennal scape swollen, apical third of scape subcylindrical, the leading edge of scape equipped with a row of fine hairs which curve towards the apex and which are narrowly spatulate. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with small appressed scale-like ground-pilosity; upper scrobe margin fringed with short curved narrowly spatulate to spoon-shaped hairs. Cephalic dorsum with 3 pairs of stout standing remiform to clavate hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin, and 1 pair on vertex. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal humerus without a projecting hair. Mesonotum with 1 pair of stout standing clavate hairs on anterior margin. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk dorsum sparse, consisting of short narrowly spatulate to broadly spatulate (almost scale-like) hairs. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly, posterior portion more or less flat to gently sloping to declivity. Metanotal groove shallowly impressed. Humeral angles bluntly marginate. Anterior mesonotum with a minute carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a circular notch. Propodeal spines narrowly triangular, diverging, infradental lamella absent. Alitrunk dorsum densely reticulate-punctate. Pronotal dorsum with superimposed rugulose sculpture, most evident at lateral margins. Sides of pronotum striolate to costulate with punctate sculpture on apical margin, remainder more or less smooth. Pleurae smooth and shiny with punctures peripherally. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctulate, approximately as broad as long. Postpetiole dorsum with reticulate-punctate, on some specimens faint longitudinally striolate sculpture present on lateral margins of disc. Spongiform appendages of petiole moderately developed. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle a narrow curtain across the base of the peduncle, width of strip approximately equal to the maximum width of eye. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole moderately developed. Basigastral costulae short but distinct, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Dorsal surface of petiole with one pair of erect stout clavate hairs; postpetiole and gaster with stout standing clavate hairs. Colour light to medium brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.6 - 2.7, HL 0.67 - 0.71, HW 0.58 - 0.62, CI 84 - 91, ML 0.33 - 0.36, MI 49 - 50, SL 0.44 - 0.46, SI 71 - 78, PW 0.32 - 0.34, AL 0.63 - 0.68 (6 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe, 15 deg. 40 min. S, 49 deg. 58 min. E, 425 m, 21.xi.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), rainforest, #926 (1)-6 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. workers with same data as holotype but coded (10)-7, (27)-9, (28)-11, (35)-10, (40)-16. (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: 5 km SW Antalaha, 50 m (G.D. Alpert); 19 km ESE Maroantsetra, 350 m (P.S. Ward); Fotodriana, Cap Masoala, 25 m (G.D. Alpert); 6.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, 25 m (B.L. Fisher); Nosy Mangabe, 150 m (P.S. Ward); Nosy Mangabe (J. -M. Betsch); Baie d’Antongil, Ivontaka, 150 m (J.-M. Betsch); 1 km W Andampibe, Cap Masoala, 125 m (Alpert et al.); 2 km W Andampibe, Cap Masoala, 125 m (Alpert et al.); 10 km NNE Fenoarivo Atm., S. F. Tampolo, 10 m (B.L. Fisher).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extend the range shown by the types series: HL 0.64 - 0.69, HW 0.55 - 0.61, CI 82 - 90, ML 0.31 - 0.34, MI 46 - 52, SL 0.40 - 0.44, SI 70 - 79 (7 measured).
diagnosis
[p] S. admixta can be isolated from other members of the sphera-complex by the following characters:
[p]1) Upper scrobe margin extending to occipital lobe with a projecting lamellate flange throughout its length.
[p]2) Basal half of scape distinctly and sharply swollen; in dorsal view, maximum width of scape approximately twice the width of scape at apex.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys carisa [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 4.1, HL0.98, HW 0.65, CI 66, ML 0.60, MI 61, SL 0.73, SI 112, PW 0.42, AL 1.04. Characters of carisa-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure nearly parallel, the width of the blade approximately constant from the level of the preapical tooth to near the base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of mandible with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 1 preapical acute tooth which is situated in the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin extending to occipital lobe, and not bordered
----- Page 659 -----by a projecting laminar rim or flange throughout its length, eyes clearly visible in full-face view. Eyes small, convex, maximum width of eye slightly wider than the maximum width of antennal scape. Antennal scapes long, slender, subcylindrical, and approximately straight, the leading edge equipped with a row of narrowly spatulate hairs which curve towards the apex. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with curved narrowly spatulate ground-pilosity; upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs that are similar in size and shape as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 2 pairs of long stout standing remiform hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin; paratype and non-paratype with 1 additional pair of erect hairs near vertex. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate with longitudinally rugulose sculpture which is more pronounced on occipital angles. Pronotal humerus with a long stout filiform projecting hair. Mesonotum with 1 pair of stout standing narrowly spatulate hairs on anterior margin. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk dorsum as on head but sparser. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly, posterior mesonotum sharply depressed, propodeum more or less flat. Metanotal groove represented by a transverse ridge or carina. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum with a narrow carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a concave impression. Propodeal spines narrowly triangular, diverging, infradental lamella absent. Alitrunk dorsum densely reticulate-punctate. Promesonotal dorsum with superimposed striolate and rugulose sculpture. Sides of pronotum striolate to reticulate-punctate. Pleurae mostly reticulate-punctate, katepisternum partially smooth and shiny. Petiolar peduncle long and slender. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctulate, disc longer than broad. Postpetiole dorsum longitudinally striolate with faint punctures present on lateral margin. On paratype specimen, central area of postpetiole disc more or less smooth and shiny. Spongiform appendages of petiole weakly developed. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle a very narrow, irregular strip that is not continuos across the base of the peduncle, maximum width of strip distinctly less than the maximum width of eye. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole moderately developed. Basigastral costulae very short but distinct, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Dorsal surface of petiole with one pair and postpetiole with 3 pairs of long, erect remiform to narrowly spatulate hairs, gaster with stout standing remiform to narrowly spatulate hairs. Colour light to medium brown.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 4.2, HL 1.00, HW 0.68, CI 68, ML 0.66, MI 66, SL 0.75, SI 110, PW 0.42, AL 1.07 (1 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 9.2 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 14 deg. 45 min. S, 49 deg. 28 min. E, 1200 m, 9.xi.1994, sifted litter (leaf mold rotten wood), montane rainforest #1192 (26)-6 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 1 worker with same data as holotype but 5.xi.1994, 1280 m, #1158 (5)-5 (BMNH).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: Rte. d’Anosibe, Km 33 (A. Peyrieras).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extend the range shown by the types series: HL 0.95, HW 0.63, CI 66, ML 0.60, MI 63, SL 0.73, SI 115, PW 0.41, AL 1.01 (1 measured) but otherwise as type specimens.
diagnosis
[p]S. carisa and fronto belongs to the carisa-complex and are diagnosed by left and right mandible blade with 1 preapical tooth and the pronotal humeri each with a long stiff projecting filiform hair.
[p]S. carisa can be distinguished from fronto by the absence on the upper scrobe margin of stiff erect hairs that are longer than hairs on leading edge of scape. In addition, carisa possess a longer and relatively narrower head than fronto (carisa: HL 0.95 - 1.00, CI smaller than 70; fronto: HL 0.80 - 0.88, CI > 80).
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys ection [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 4.0, HL 0.97, HW 0.82, CI 85, ML 0.50, MI 52, SL 0.67, SI 82, PW 0.44, AL 0.96. Characters of sphera-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure nearly parallel, the width of the blade approximately constant from the level of the preapical tooth to near the base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of mandible with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 1 preapical tooth which is situated in the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin extending to occipital lobe, not bordered by a projecting laminar rim throughout its length, eyes clearly visible in full-face view. Eyes small, convex, maximum width of eye slightly wider than the maximum width of antennal scape. Antennal scapes more or less subcylindrical, narrowed near base, approximately straight, the leading edge equipped with a row of narrowly spatulate hairs which curve towards the apex. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with curved narrowly spatulate ground-pilosity; upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs that are similar in size
----- Page 660 -----and shape as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 4 pairs of long stout standing remiform hairs arranged as follows: transverse row of 3 pairs close to the occipital margin and 1 pair of erect hairs near vertex. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate with superimposed rugulose sculpture. Pronotal humerus without an erect projecting hair. Promesonotal margin with 2 pairs of stout standing narrowly spatulate hairs, anterior pair located on central dorsum, posterior pair situated on lateral margin. Propodeum with two pairs of short, posteriorly curved narrowly spatulate hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk dorsum as on head but sparser. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly, posterior mesonotum sharply depressed, propodeum more or less flat. Metanotal groove represented by a shallow impression. Humeral angles rounded, posterior lateral margin of pronotum bluntly marginate and with a small raised welt. Anterior mesonotum with a narrow carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a circular notch. Propodeal spines narrowly triangular, margins spongiform, subtended by a narrow infradental lamella dorsally, infradental lamella absent near base. Alitrunk dorsum and sides of pronotum densely reticulate-punctate. Sides of pronotum with striolate sculpture anteriorly. Pleurae mostly smooth and shiny with reticulate-punctate sculpture peripherally. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate, approximately as long as broad. Postpetiole dorsum smooth centrally with lateral striolate sculpture. Spongiform appendages of petiole well developed. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle a broad curtain that is continuos across the base of the peduncle, width of curtain is equal or slightly greater than the maximum width of eye. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole moderately developed. Basigastral costulae distinct, radiating on both sides of a narrow central clear area, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Dorsal surface of petiole, postpetiole, and gaster with stout standing narrowly spatulate hairs. Colour medium brown.materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar 38 km S Ambalavao, Res. Andringitra, 22 deg. 12 min. S, 46 deg. 58 min. E, 1680 m, 23.x.1996, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), montane rainforest, #820 (36)-7 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
diagnosis
[p]S. ection is easily isolated from other members of the sphera-complex by the presence of 2 pairs of erect hairs on the mesonotum.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys fronto [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Figs 397, 417)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.5, HL 0.85, HW 0.73, CI 86, ML 0.46, MI 54, SL 0.56, SI 76, PW 0.39, AL 0.84. Characters of carisa-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure nearly parallel, the width of the blade approximately constant from the level of the preapical tooth to near the base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of mandible with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 1 preapical tooth which is situated in the apical third of the length of the blade, preapical tooth on left mandible usually smaller than tooth on right. Upper scrobe margin extending to occipital lobe, and bordered by a very narrow laminar rim throughout its length, eyes partially visible in full-face view. Eyes small, convex, maximum width of eye slightly wider than the maximum width of antennal scape. Eye located slightly inwards from margin and apex formed by the junction of the posterior preocular notch and ventral antennal scrobe margins. Antennal scapes more or less subcylindrical, basal portion slightly expanded, and approximately straight, the leading edge equipped with a row of narrowly spatulate hairs which curve towards the apex. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with curved narrowly spatulate ground-pilosity; upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs that are similar in size and shape as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 7 pairs of long stout standing remiform hairs arranged as follows: transverse row of 3 pairs close to the occipital margin; upper scrobe margin posteriorly on occipital angles with 3 pairs of hairs that are longer than hairs on leading edge of scape, and 1 pair of erect hairs near vertex. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal humerus with a long stout filiform projecting hair. Mesonotum with 1 pair of stout standing narrowly spatulate hairs on anterior margin. Propodeum with two pairs of short, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk dorsum as on head but sparser. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly, posterior alitrunk gradually sloping down to declivity, anterior propodeum slightly raised above posterior mesonotum. Metanotal groove represented by a shallow impression. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum with a narrow carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a circular notch. Propodeal spines narrowly triangular, margins spongiform, infradental lamella absent. Alitrunk dorsum and sides of pronotum densely reticulate-punctate. Pleurae mostly reticulate-punctate, katepisternum and central portions of metapleuron partially
----- Page 661 -----smooth. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate, approximately as long as broad. Postpetiole dorsum reticulate-punctate. Spongiform appendages of petiole moderately developed. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle a narrow, irregular strip that is continuos across the base of the peduncle, maximum width of strip slightly less than the maximum width of eye. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole moderately developed. Basigastral costulae short, distinct and widely spaced, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Dorsal surface of petiole, postpetiole, and gaster with stout standing remiform to narrowly spatulate hairs. Colour medium brown.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 3.3 - 3.7, HL 0.80 - 0.88, HW 0.68 - 0.76, CI 85 - 90, ML 0.44 - 0.49, MI 52 - 57, SL 0.53 - 0.56, SI 73 - 78, PW 0.37 - 0.41, AL 0.76 - 0.86 (8 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Causse de Kelifely, 20-30.xi.1974, forest humus and litter, dry forest (A. Peyrieras) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 9 workers with same data as holotype (BMNH, SAM).
diagnosis
[p]S. fronto can easily be isolated by the presence of only 1 preapical tooth on left and right mandibles, a long stiff projecting filiform hair on each pronotal humerus and the upper scrobe margin posteriorly with 2 - 3 stiff erect hairs that are longer than hairs on leading edge of scape. See S. carisa for further discussion.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys hilaris [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. [name] (Fig. 396)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.1, HL 0.75, HW 0.55, CI 74, ML 0.43, MI 57, SL 0.53, SI 96, PW 0.34, AL 0.77. Characters of hilaris-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel; blades inserted close together and slightly diverging at full closure. Apical fork of mandible with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 2 preapical teeth which are situated in the apical third of the length of the blade; proximal preapical teeth longer than the distal. Upper scrobe margin bordered by a narrow rim throughout its length which terminates at the occipital lobes. Eyes small, convex, and plainly visible in full-face view; maximum width of eye more or less equal to the maximum width of antennal scape. Antennal scapes, more or less straight, widest in the midsection, the leading edges equipped with a row of fine hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with curved to subappressed narrowly spatulate ground-pilosity; upper scrobe margin fringed with curved narrowly spatulate hairs. Cephalic dorsum with 4 simple standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair on vertex. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate, almost granulate. Pronotal humerus without a projecting hair. Anterior margin of mesonotum with a pair of stout filiform hairs. Propodeum with two pairs or occasionally one pair of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines or at base of propodeal spines. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk as on head but sparser. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly, more or less flat posteriorly. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum without a distinct carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a broad concave impression. Propodeal spines narrowly triangular, strongly elevated, infradental lamella absent. Alitrunk dorsum and sides of pronotum densely reticulate-punctate, pleurae smooth and shiny with peripheral punctures. Fine longitudinally striolate sculpture present on pronotal dorsum; rugulose sculpture present on posterior lateral margins of pronotum. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate and about as broad as long. Postpetiole densely and finely reticulate-punctulate with longitudinally striolate sculpture. Spongiform appendages of petiole and postpetiole segments weakly developed. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle a very narrow, irregular strip that is widest in posterior third of petiole, the deepest point of the tissue less than the maximum width of eye. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole moderately developed. Basigastral costulae short and distinct, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Petiole disc with a pair of stiff standing hairs. Dorsal surfaces postpetiole and gaster with stout standing hairs. Colour light yellowish brown to medium brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 3.0 - 3.1, HL 0.72 - 0.75, HW 0.52 - 0.55, CI 71 - 74, ML 0.42 - 0.43, MI 55 - 59, SL 0.50 - 0.54, SI 94 - 100, PW 0.32 - 0.34, AL 0.74 - 0.79 (6
----- Page 662 -----measured). As holotype.materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Marojejy R.N.I #12, 14 deb. 26 min. 43.2 sec. S, 49 deg. 47 min 8.3 sec. 375 m, 18.xi.1993, rainforest, winkler app. #44.11127 (G.D. Alpert) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 5 workers and 1 queen (dealate) with same data as holotype but dated 20.xi.1993 and coded 108.13991, 108.13987, 108.13990, 108.13988; 1 worker and 1 queen (dealate) with same data as holotype but 665 m, 20.xi.1993m (Alpert et. al.), #106.10822, and #106.10820 (BMNH, SAM).
diagnosis
[p]S. hilaris, luca and milae are members of the hilaris-complex which is characterized by 2 preapical teeth and/or denticles on the left mandible blade and the absence of a projecting hair at pronotal humerus. Within this complex, hilaris can be identified by the and its relatively long scapes, SI > 90.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys labaris [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.4, HL 0.85, HW 0.75, CI 88, ML 0.43, MI 51, SL 0.56, SI 74, PW 0.41, AL 0.83. Characters of sphera-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure nearly parallel, blades narrowed near base. Apical fork of mandible with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 1 preapical tooth, distance from preapical tooth to dorsal apical tooth approximately equal to the length of preapical tooth. Upper scrobe margin extending to occipital lobe, not bordered by a projecting laminar rim or flange throughout its length, eyes partially visible in full-face view. Eyes very small, convex, maximum width of eye distinctly less than the maximum width of antennal scape. Antennal scapes narrowed near base, slightly expanded and flattened in basal third, the leading edge equipped with a row of narrowly spatulate hairs which curve towards the apex. Cephalic dorsum clothed with curved narrowly spatulate ground-pilosity; upper scrobe margin with hairs that are similar in size and shape as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 4 pairs of long standing narrowly remiform hairs arranged as follows: transverse row of 3 pairs close to the occipital margin and 1 pair of erect hairs near vertex. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal humerus without an erect projecting hair. Anterior margin of mesonotum with 1 pair of stout standing hairs. Propodeal spines with 1 pair of fine short, posteriorly curved hairs near anterior base. Alitrunk dorsum with very short curved ground-pilosity and concentrated on promesonotum. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly, posterior mesonotum sharply depressed, propodeum gradually sloping to declivity. Metanotal groove represented by a shallow impression. Humeral angles rounded, posterior lateral margin of pronotum bluntly marginate. Anterior mesonotum with a projecting narrow rim above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a circular notch. Propodeal spines short, triangular, posterior margin with a narrow spongiform strip, infradental lamella absent. Alitrunk dorsum densely reticulate-punctate. Sides of pronotum with faint longitudinally striolate sculpture anteriorly. Pleurae mostly smooth and shiny with reticulate-punctate sculpture peripherally. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate, approximately as long as broad. Postpetiole dorsum with weak longitudinally striolate sculpture on a fine punctulate surface. Spongiform appendages of petiole moderately developed. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle a narrow curtain that is continuos across the base of the peduncle, width of curtain is distinctly greater than the maximum width of eye. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole moderately developed. Basigastral costulae short and sharply defined, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Dorsal surface of petiole, postpetiole, and gaster with stout standing remiform to narrowly spatulate hairs which are slightly thickened apically. Colour medium brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKER TL 3.0 - 3.4, HL 0.78 - 0.86, HW 0.66 - 0.75, CI 84 - 89, ML 0.39 - 0.45, MI 49 - 54, SL 0.52 - 0.57, SI 74 - 80, PW 0.35 - 0.40, AL 0.73 - 0.84 (6 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 11.0 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 14 deg. 45 min. S, 49 deg., 27 min. E, 1565 m, 16.xi.1994, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), montane rainforest #1232 (4)-5. (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes.6 worker with same data as holotype but coded (31)-4, (40)-4 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: R. S. Manongarivo, 14.5 km 220 deg. SW Antanambao, 1175 m (B.L. Fisher); Amboangy hill, 30 km N Antalaha, 115 m (G.D. Alpert); 6.5 km SSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 875 m (B.L. Fisher); 17 km W Andapa, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 875 m (G.D. Alpert); 9.2 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 1200 m (B.L. Fisher); 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, 825 m (B.L. Fisher);
description:
[p]Measurements of this material extends the range shown by the type-series: HL 0.70 - 0.80, HW 0.58 - 0.67, CI 83, ML 0.37 - 0.42, MI 52 - 55, SL 0.46 - 54, SI 78 - 84 (3 measured).
----- Page 663 -----diagnosis
[p]S. labaris is most similar to admixta in the sphera-complex. In both species, the upper scrobe margin has a distinct, broad lamellate rim or flange throughout its length. They are most easily distinguished by the shape of the post-buccal margin with head in ventral view. In labaris, the posterior and lateral margins of the post-buccal groove are rounded to bluntly marginate, and the posterior lateral face of groove is more or less vertical or gently sloping, never concave. In admixta, the posterior-lateral and lateral margins of post-buccal groove have a lamellate rim and the posterior-lateral face of the groove is concave.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys luca [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.1, HL 0.69, HW 0.59, CI 85, ML 0.37, MI 53, SL 0.46, SI 78, PW 0.33, AL 0.74. Characters of hilaris-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel. Apical fork of mandible with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 2 preapical teeth which are situated in the apical third of the length of the blade; proximal preapical teeth longer than the distal. Upper scrobe margin distinct, terminates at the occipital lobe, and not bordered by a projecting laminar rim or flange throughout its length. Eyes moderate in size, convex, and plainly visible in full-face view; maximum width of eye distinctly greater than the maximum width of antennal scape. Antennal scapes short, more or less straight, widest in the midsection, the leading edges equipped with a row of fine hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with curved narrowly spatulate to flattened spatulate ground-pilosity; upper scrobe margin fringed with curved narrowly spatulate hairs. Cephalic dorsum with 4 stout standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair on vertex. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate, almost granulate. Pronotal humerus without a projecting hair. Anterior margin of mesonotum with a pair of stout filiform hairs. Propodeum with one pairs of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs at anterior base of propodeal spines. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk as on head but sparser. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly, posterior mesonotum gradually sloping down to metanotal groove. Anterior propodeum slightly raised above mesonotum, propodeum not flat, gradually sloping down to declivity. Humeral angles rounded, posterior lateral margin of pronotum bluntly marginate. Anterior mesonotum with a distinct carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a circular notch. Propodeal spines narrowly triangular, subtended by a narrow infradental lamella. Alitrunk dorsum and sides of pronotum densely reticulate-punctate, portions of central pleurae often smooth and shiny. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate and about as broad as long. Postpetiole densely and finely reticulate-punctulate. Spongiform appendages of petiole absent; weakly developed on postpetiole. Spongiform collar present only on posterior margin of postpetiole. Basigastral costulae short and distinct, with secondary and much longer fine striolate sculpture arising between the shorter costulae, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with stout standing narrowly remiform hairs. Colour light to medium brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.8 - 3.1, HL 0.63 - 0.70, HW 0.53 - 0.61, CI 83 - 91, ML 0.35 - 0.38, MI 52 - 58, SL 0.43 - 0.49, SI 75 - 84, PW 0.32 - 0.35, AL 0.68 - 0.74 (9 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Toliara, southern Isoky-Vohimena Forest, 59 km NE Sakaraha, 22 deg. 41 min. S, 44 deg. 50 min. E, 730 m, 21.i.1996, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), tropical dry forest #1312 (4)-3 (S. Razafimandimby) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 16 workers with same data as holotype but coded (1)-4, (2)-1, (3)-2, (5)-2, (7)-4, (8)-3, (18)-3, (25)-1, (28)-1, (30)-4, (36)-2, (46)-2, (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: Tampoketsa d’Ankazobe, Ambohitantely, 1550 m (J. -M. Betsch); 48 km ENE Morondava, 30 m (D. M. Olson); Col des Tapia, 1400 m (Bartolozzi, Tiati, Raharimina); 59 km NE Sakaraha, Vohibasia Forest 780 m (S. Razafimandimby); 15 km E Sakaraha, 760 m (P.S. Ward); Res. Andohahela, parcel #1, versante W, 500 - 600 m (Bartolozzi, Tiati, Raharimina).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extend the range shown by the types series: HL 0.63 - 0.73, HW 0.53 - 0.58, CI 79 - 85, ML 0.34 - 0.40, MI 52 - 59, SL 0.44 - 0.48, SI 82 - 85 (5 measured). This material shows variation in the outline of the posterior portion of the alitrunk. In some specimens, the anterior margin of the propodeum is not raised above the mesonotum, and the propodeum is more or less flat.
diagnosis
[p]S. luca is most similar to milae in the hilaris-complex and can be easily distinguished from the later species by the presence of a single pair of erect hairs on the mesonotum. See
----- Page 664 -----milae for further discussion.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys lysis [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.9, HL 0.70, HW 0.57, CI 81, ML 0.39, MI 56, SL 0.47, SI 83, PW 0.34, AL 0.73. Characters of lysis-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel. Apical fork of mandible with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 2 preapical teeth which are situated in the apical third of the length of the blade; proximal preapical teeth longer than the distal. Upper scrobe margin bordered by a narrow laminar rim. Eyes small, convex, and plainly visible in full-face view; maximum width of eye subequal to the maximum width of antennal scape. Antennal scapes short, curved near base, widest in the midsection, the leading edges equipped with a row of fine hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with short curved narrowly spatulate to flattened scale-like ground-pilosity; upper scrobe margin fringed with curved narrowly spatulate hairs. Cephalic dorsum with 4 stout standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair on vertex. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate with superimposed rugulose sculpture on middorsum and occipital angles. Pronotal humerus with a stiff filiform projecting hair. Anterior margin of mesonotum with a pair of stout filiform hairs. Propodeum with one pairs of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs at anterior base of propodeal spines. Alitrunk dorsum with short curved filiform to narrowly spatulate ground-pilosity. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly, posterior alitrunk more or less flat to gradually sloping down to declivity. Metanotal groove shallowly impressed. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum without a distinct carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a circular notch. Propodeal spines narrowly triangular, spongiform apex, subtended by a very narrow infradental lamella. Pronotum densely punctate with longitudinally striolate to costulate sculpture. Remainder of dorsal alitrunk reticulate-punctate, but in some the striolate or costulate sculpture continues to the propodeum. Pleurae smooth and shiny with peripheral punctures. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate and about as broad as long. Postpetiole longitudinally striolate on a finely punctulate surface, but in some, the punctulate sculpture is absent or weak. Spongiform appendages of petiole and postpetiole moderately developed. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle a well developed strip across the base of the peduncle, width of strip more or less equal to the width of the mandible blade when viewed in profile and slightly less than maximum width of eye. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole moderately developed. Basigastral costulae short and distinct, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Dorsal surface of petiole with one pair of anteriorly projecting narrowly remiform hairs; postpetiole and gaster with stout standing narrowly remiform hairs. Colour light to medium brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.8 - 3.0, HL 0.68 - 0.73, HW 0.54 - 0.60, CI 77 - 88, ML 0.37 - 0.40, MI 53 - 58, SL 0.45 - 0.51, SI 82 - 87, PW 0.32 - 0.36, AL 0.69 - 0.80 (9 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 6.5 km SSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 14 deg. 45 min. S, 49 deg. 30 min. E, 875 m, 19.x.1994, sifted litter (leaf mold rotten wood), rainforest #1070 (9)-14 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 9 workers 1 queen (dealate) with same data as holotype but coded (3)-13, (6)-10, (8)-10, (10)-10, (29)-20, (37)-6. (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: 17 km W Andapa, Res. d’Anjanaharibe-Sud, 875 m. (G.D. Alpert).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extend the range shown by the types series: HL 0.67 - 0.74, HW 0.53 - 0.60, CI 79 - 81, ML 0.35 - 0.40, MI 53 - 54, SL 0.45 - 0.49, SI 82 - 85 (2 measured).
diagnosis
[p]S. lysis is easily diagnosed from other members of the lysis-complex by the presence of a projecting laminar rim on upper scrobe margin throughout its length, a single pair of erect hairs on mesonotum, and the upper scrobe margin posteriorly without 2-4 stiff erect hairs that are longer than hairs on leading edge of scape.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys milae [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.2, HL 0.73, HW 0.60, CI 83, ML 0.42, MI 57, SL 0.50, SI 82, PW 0.36, AL 0.77. Characters of hilaris-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel. Apical fork of mandible with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 2 preapical teeth which are situated in the apical third of the length of the blade; proximal preapical teeth longer than the distal. Upper scrobe margin distinct, terminates at the occipital lobe, and not bordered by a projecting laminar rim or flange throughout its length. Eyes moderate in size, convex, and plainly visible in full-face view; maximum width of eye distinctly greater than the maximum width of antennal scape. Antennal scapes short, curved near base, widest in the midsection, the leading edges equipped with a row of fine hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with rows of curved narrow spatulate to spoon shaped ground-pilosity; upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs which are the same size and shape as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 4 stout standing hairs bordering occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair on vertex. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal humerus without a projecting hair. Mesonotum with two pairs of stout filiform erect hairs; a pair on anterior margin and a shorter pair located posterior of mesonotal depression; one or two pairs of shorter hairs which curve toward the midline are present on anterior portion of mesonotum. Propodeum with one or two pairs of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs at anterior base of propodeal spines or immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk as on head, concentrated on the promesonotum. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly, posterior mesonotum sharply depressed, posterior alitrunk more or less flat to gradually sloping to declivity. Humeral angles rounded, posterior lateral margin of pronotum bluntly marginate. Anterior mesonotum with a very narrow carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a circular notch. Propodeal spines narrowly triangular, spongiform, subtended by a narrow infradental lamella. Alitrunk dorsum and sides of pronotum densely reticulate-punctate, pleurae smooth and shiny with peripheral punctures. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate and about as broad as long. Postpetiole reticulate-punctulate, disc with weak longitudinal striolate sculpture. Spongiform appendages of petiole and postpetiole weakly developed. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle an irregular, narrow strip across the base of the peduncle, its deepest point much less than maximum width of eye. Basigastral costulae short and distinct, with secondary and much longer superficial fine striolate sculpture arising between the shorter costulae, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with erect narrowly remiform hairs. Colour light to medium brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.9 - 3.1, HL 0.67 - 0.73, HW 0.54 - 0.58, CI 79 - 81, ML 0.38 - 0.41, MI 54 - 57, SL 0.46 - 0.48, SI 82 - 86, PW 0.33 - 0.37, AL 0.73 - 0.79 (3 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Fianarantsoa, 28 km SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady, 20 deg. 46.5 sec. S,47 deg. 10.1 min. E, 1670 m, 14.i.1998, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), disturbed montane rainforest #1625-4 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 1 worker with same data as holotype and 2 workers with same data as holotype but 11.i.1998, #1620 (2)-2, #1620 (5)-1 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: Perinet and vic. (W.L. Brown).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extend the range shown by the types series: HL 0.71, HW 0.59, CI 83, ML 0.41, MI 59, SL 0.47, SI 81 (1 measured) but otherwise match diagnostic characters of the type specimens.
diagnosis
[p]S. milae is most similar to luca in the hilaris complex. They both have relatively short scapes (SI less than 90). S. milae can be isolated from luca by the presence of two pairs of erect hairs on mesonotum, a shorter pair posterior to pair on anterior margin the posterior portion of mesonotum sharply depressed behind the level of the anterior pair of hairs when viewed in profile. S. luca has a single pair of erect hairs on mesonotum. In addition, the petiole node of milae is evenly convex when viewed in profile while in luca, the petiole node is broadly triangular with a blunt apex. See hilaris for further discussion of hilaris-complex.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys nambao [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Fig. 395)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.8, HL 0.69, HW 0.56, CI 82, ML 0.38, MI 55, SL 0.46, SI 81, PW 0.32, AL 0.71. Characters of lysis-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel. Apical fork of mandible with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 2 preapical teeth which are situated in the apical third of the length of the blade; proximal preapical teeth much longer than the distals. Upper scrobe margin without a projecting lamellate rim throughout its length; scrobe margin weakly marginate to rounded above vertical preocular groove on side of head. Eyes small, convex, and plainly visible in full-face view; maximum width of eye less than the maximum width of antennal scape. Antennal scapes short, more or less straight, widest in the midsection, the leading edges equipped with a row of fine hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly thickened apically. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with short curved narrowly clavate ground-pilosity; upper scrobe margin fringed with appressed clavate hairs. Cephalic dorsum with 6 stout standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin, with 3 (occasionally 2 or 4) pairs of stiff erect hairs on posterior scrobe margin, and 1 pair near vertex. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal humerus with a stiff filiform projecting hair. Anterior margin of mesonotum with 1 pair of stout filiform hairs, situated on anterior margin. Propodeum with one pairs of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs at anterior base of propodeal spines. Alitrunk dorsum with inconspicuous, short curved fine ground-pilosity. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly, posterior alitrunk more or less flat to gradually sloping down to declivity. Metanotal groove not or minutely impressed. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum without a minute carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a circular notch. Propodeal spines narrowly triangular, almost spiniform, infradental lamella a very narrow strip. Alitrunk dorsum reticulate punctate. Side of pronotum and pleurae partially smooth with peripheral punctulate sculpture. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate and about as broad as long. Postpetiole reticulate-punctate. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle a narrow strip across the base of the peduncle, width of strip less than the width of the mandible blade when viewed in profile. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole moderately developed. Basigastral costulae short and distinct, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Dorsal surface of petiole with one pair of anteriorly projecting stout, narrowly clavate hairs; postpetiole and gaster with stout standing hairs which are thickened apically. Colour light yellowish brown to medium brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKER TL 2.6 - 2.8, HL 0.64 - 0.68, HW 0.51 - 0.55, CI 79 - 81, ML 0.35 - 0.39, MI 55 - 57, SL 0.42 - 0.49, SI 81 - 90, PW 0.29 - 0.33, AL 0.64 - 0.70 (4 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Antsiranana, R.S. Manongarivo, 10.8 km 229 deg. SW Antanambao, 400 m 13 deg. 57.7 min. S, 48 deg. 26.0 min. E, 8.xi.1998, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), rainforest #1996 (1)-1 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 20 workers with same data as holotype but coded (2)-1, (8)-5, (14)-1, (30)-2, (44)-1, (44)-3, (44)-5, (46)-3, (50)-1, (50)-5; (56)-2, (75)-2 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: R.S. Manongarivo, 12.8 km 228 deg. SW Antanambao, 780 m (B.L. Fisher).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extends the range shown by the type-series: HL 0.63 - 0.69, HW 0.52 - 0.57, CI 81 - 83, ML 0.35 - 0.38, MI 55 - 56, SL 0.42 - 0.47, SI 81 - 84 (3 measured).
diagnosis
[p]S. nambao forms a close species pair with norax within the lysis-complex. Characters isolating nambao are discussed under norax.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys norax [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.0, HL 0.71, HW 0.55, CI 77, ML 0.41, MI 58, SL 0.50, SI 92, PW 0.33, AL 0.78. Characters of lysis-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel. Apical fork of mandible with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 2 preapical teeth which are situated in the apical third of the length of the blade; proximal preapical teeth much longer than the distals which are often reduced to small denticles. Upper scrobe margin without a projecting lamellate
----- Page 667 -----rim throughout its length; scrobe weakly marginate to rounded above vertical preocular groove on side of head. Eyes small, convex, and plainly visible in full-face view; maximum width of eye subequal to the maximum width of antennal scape. Antennal scapes short, more or less straight, widest in the midsection, the leading edges equipped with a row of fine hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly thickened apically. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with short curved narrowly clavate ground-pilosity; upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs similar in size and shape as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 6 stout standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin, with 3 (occasionally 2 or 4) pairs of stiff erect hairs on posterior scrobe margin, and 1 pair on vertex. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate and often with superimposed rugulose sculpture on occipital angles. Pronotal humerus with a stiff filiform projecting hair. Anterior margin of mesonotum with 2 pairs of stout filiform hairs: a pair on anterior margin and a more posteriorly situated pair. Propodeum with one pairs of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs at anterior base of propodeal spines. Alitrunk dorsum with inconspicuous, short curved fine ground-pilosity. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly, posterior alitrunk more or less flat to gradually sloping down to declivity. Metanotal groove not or minutely impressed. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum without a minute carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a circular notch. Propodeal spines narrowly triangular, almost spiniform, infradental lamella absent. Pronotal dorsum and sides longitudinally striolate to costulate on a smooth surface, posterior pronotal disc striolate-punctate to rugulose punctate. Remainder of dorsal alitrunk striolate-punctate. Pleurae smooth and shiny with peripheral fine punctulate sculpture. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate and about as broad as long. Postpetiole longitudinally striolate on a finely punctulate surface. Spongiform appendages of petiole weakly developed. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle a narrow irregular strip across the base of the peduncle, width of strip less than the width of the mandible blade when viewed in profile. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole moderately developed. Basigastral costulae short and distinct, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Dorsal surface of petiole with one pair of anteriorly projecting stout hairs; postpetiole and gaster with stout standing hairs which are slightly thickened apically. Colour light yellowish brown to medium brown.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.8 - 3.1, HL 0.68 - 0.72, HW 0.50 - 0.55, CI 74 - 77, ML 0.38 - 0.40, MI 56 - 58, SL 0.46 - 0.50, SI 86 - 94, PW 0.31 - 0.36, AL 0.71 - 0.80 (10 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 9.2 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 14 deg. 45 min. S, 49 deg. 28 min. E, 1200 m, 9.xi.1994, sifted litter (leaf mold rotten wood), montane rainforest #1192 (12)-13 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 11 workers and 3 queens (dealate) with same data as holotype but coded (1)-5, (2)-8, (3)-10, (3)-11, (4)-4, (7)-7, (9)-10, (10)-9, (23)-10, (35)-9, (42)-5, (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: Amboangy hill, 30 km N Antalaha, 115 m (G.D. Alpert); 11.0 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 1565 m (B.L. Fisher); 6.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, 25 m (B.L. Fisher); 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, 825 m (B.L. Fisher); 2 km W Andampibe, Cap Masoala, 125 m (Alpert et al.); Fotodriana, Cap Masoala, 25 m (Alpert et al.); 14 km W Cap Est, Ambato, 100 m (Alpert et al.); F.C. Sandranantitra 450 m (H.J. Ratsirarson).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extend the range shown by the types series: HL 0.65 - 0.73, HW 0.47 - 0.53, CI 70 - 76, ML 0.38 - 0.41, MI 54 - 61, SL 0.45 - 0.49, SI 91 - 98 (7 measured).
diagnosis
[p]S. norax and S. nambao are closely related and can be easily diagnosed from other members of the rogeri-group by the following characters: left and right mandibles each with 2 preapical teeth, upper scrobe margin posteriorly with 2 - 4 stiff erect hairs that are longer than hairs on leading edge of scape, and the upper scrobe margin without a projecting lamellate rim above vertical preocular groove on side of head; scrobe weakly marginate to rounded. S. norax can be diagnosed from nambao by the presence of two pairs of erect hairs on the mesonotum while S. nambao has only one pair of hairs.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys sphera [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Figs 398, 418description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.8, HL 0.95, HW 0.77, CI 82, ML 0.56, MI 60, SL 0.68, SI 88, PW 0.41, AL 0.95. Characters of sphera-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure nearly parallel, blades narrowed near base. Apical fork of mandible with 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 1 preapical tooth which is situated in the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin extending to occipital lobe, not bordered by a projecting laminar rim throughout its length, eyes clearly visible in full-face view. Eyes small, convex, maximum width of eye equal or slightly wider than the maximum width of antennal scape. Antennal scapes long, slender, subcylindrical, narrowed near base, approximately straight, the leading edge equipped with a row of narrowly spatulate hairs which curve towards the apex. Cephalic dorsum clothed with curved spatulate to narrowly spoon-shaped ground-pilosity; upper scrobe margin with hairs that are similar in size and shape as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with a transverse row of 2 (rarely 3) pairs of stout filiform hairs close to the occipital margin and 1 pair of erect hairs near vertex. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate with superimposed rugulose sculpture that extends to the apex of occipital corners. Pronotal humerus without an erect projecting hair. Anterior margin of mesonotum with 1 pair of stout standing hairs which are slightly thickened apically. Propodeum with 1 pair of short, posteriorly curved narrowly spatulate hairs immediately anterior or at base of propodeal spines. Midsection of the lateral margins of propodeal declivity with 1 or 2 pairs of fine projecting hairs. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk dorsum as on head, concentrated on promesonotum. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly, posterior mesonotum sharply depressed, propodeum flat to gradually sloping to declivity. Metanotal groove represented by a shallow impression. Humeral angles rounded, posterior lateral margin of pronotum with a small raised welt. Anterior mesonotum with a laterally projecting narrow laminar rim above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a circular notch. Propodeal spines narrowly triangular, almost spiniform in some specimens, margins often spongiform, infradental lamella absent or at most a very narrow lamella present on apical portion of declivity. Alitrunk dorsum and sides of pronotum densely reticulate-punctate, dorsal promesonotum with faint rugulose sculpture. Pleurae mostly smooth and shiny with reticulate-punctate sculpture peripherally. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate, slightly longer than broad. Postpetiole dorsum with longitudinally striolate sculpture on a fine punctulate surface, portions of central disc more or less smooth in some type material. Spongiform appendages of petiole moderately developed. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle a narrow curtain that is continuos across the base of the peduncle, width of curtain is slightly less than the maximum width of eye. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole moderately developed. Basigastral costulae sharply defined, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Dorsal surface of petiole, postpetiole, and gaster with feebly to narrowly clavate hairs. Colour yellowish brown to medium brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 3.7 - 3.9, HL 0.92 - 0.99, HW 0.74 - 0.80, CI 78 - 82, ML 0.55 - 0.57, MI 56 - 59, SL 0.66 - 0.71, SI 86 - 93, PW 0.40 - 0.41, AL 0.93 - 0.98 (10 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 40 km S Ambalavao, Res. Andringitra, 22 deg. 13 min. S, 46 deg. 58 min. E, 1275 m, 15.x.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold rotten wood), montane rainforest #793 (38)-8 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 11workers and 2 queens (dealate) with same data as holotype but coded (1)-8, (2)-7, (3)-6, (4)-8, (16)-6, (20)-10, (19)-8, (38)-8 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: R.S. Manongarivo, 20.4 km 219 deg. SW Antanambao, 1860 m (B.L. Fisher); 9.2 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 1280 m (B.L. Fisher); 11.0 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 1565 m (B.L. Fisher); Rte. d’Anosibe, Km 38 (A. Peyrieras); Andronobe, Route d’Andriamena (A. Peyrieras); Mahavelona, N Tamatave (Bartolozzi et al.); Tampoketsa d’Ankazobe, Ambohitantely, 1550 m (J. -M. Betsch); Massif de l’Itremo, 1630 m (A. Peyrieras); 29 km SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady, 1700 m (B.L. Fisher); 7 km W Ranomafana National Park, 900 m (W. E. Steiner); Ranomafana Nat. Park, 1350 m (E. Rajeriarison); 40 km S Ambalavao, Res. Andringitra, 1275 m, 15.x.1993, sifted (B.L. Fisher); 43 km S Ambalavao, Res. Andringitra, 825 m (B.L. Fisher); 45 km S Ambalavao, 785 m (B.L. Fisher); 38 km S Ambalavao, Res. Andringitra 1680 m (B.L. Fisher); 7.5 km ENE Ivohibe, R. S. Ivohibe, 900 m (S. Razafimandimby); 9.0 km NE Ivohibe, 900 m (S. Razafimandimby); 8.0 km NE Ivohibe, 1200 m (S. Razafimandimby); 6.5 km ESE Ivohibe, R. S. Ivohibe, 1575 m (S. Razafimandimby); 8.0 km E Ivohibe, R. S. Ivohibe 1200 m (S. Razafimandimby); 13 km NW Enakara, Res. Andohahela, 1250 m (B.L. Fisher); 3 km E Mahamavo, Res. Andohahela, 1050 m (P.S. Ward).
description:
[p] This material exhibits enormous size variation: HL 0.66 - 1.06, HW 0.51 - 0.88, CI 73 - 86, ML 0.36 - 0.63, MI 47 - 62, SL 0.45 - 0.77, SI 78 - 101 (72 measured)
discussion
[p]The nonparatype material exhibits variation in body size, eye size, hair shape, and the width
----- Page 669 -----of ventral petiolar spongiform tissue spongiform tissue when viewed in profile. This variation is present within and between localities and is very suggestive that these specimens may represent a complex mosaic of many distinct sibling species. For example, within R. S. Andringitra, 3 forms are represented. At 785 m, specimens have the following characters that are distinct within Andringitra: in profile hairs on mesonotum, petiole, postpetiole and gaster coarsely remiform to thickly clavate. Eyes larger; with head in profile, maximum with of eye along horizontal axis greater than width of preocular groove immediately anterior of eye along same axis. At 1275 m in Andringitra, the type specimens of sphera are found which have small eyes and narrowly clavate hairs (HL 0.92 - 0.99, HW 0.74 - 0.80), and a third form is also found at 1275 m that is identical to the type specimens of sphera in all diagnostic characters except they are smaller in size (HL 0.70 - 0.80, HW 0.56 - 0.67). In addition, a fourth form was collected at Manongarivo and Anjanaharibe. These specimens have a reduced spongiform strip on petiole. In profile the ventral petiolar spongiform tissue not developed into an expanded curtain that extends the length of the peduncle, at most, ventral petiolar spongiform tissue an irregular, very narrow strip, maximum width of spongiform tissue much less than half the maximum width of eye.[p]The problem with the geographic variation of sphera is that although the variation is discrete within R. S. Andringitra, the variation is continuous when other localities are included. Additional collections and new characters will have to be studied before we are confident in the boundaries of this species.
diagnosis
[p]S. sphera is distinguished from other members of the sphera-complex by the following combination of characters:
[p]1) Anterior margin of mesonotum with only a single pair of erect hairs, situated at anterior lateral margin of mesonotum.
[p]2) Upper scrobe margin without a broad lamellate rim or flange throughout its length, lamellate rim when present limited to region above antennal insertion.
[p]3) Basal half of scape never sharply swollen, scape more or less subcylindrical.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys vazimba [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Figs 399, 419)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 5.4, HL 1.51, HW 1.44, CI 95, ML 0.70, MI 46, SL 0.92, SI 64, PW 0.61, AL 1.29. Characters of vazimba-complex. Mandibular blades robust, almost straight, and at full closure diverging apically. Apical fork of mandible with 2 robust spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 1 preapical blunt tooth which is situated in the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin extending to occipital lobe with a greatly expanded lamellate flange throughout its length, eyes not visible in full-face view. Eyes small, convex, maximum width of eye less than the maximum width of antennal scape. Antennal scape widest in midsection of basal half, curved in apical third, the leading edges equipped with a row of fine hairs which curve towards the apex and which are narrowly spatulate. Cephalic dorsum with short curved narrowly spatulate to spoon-shaped ground-pilosity; upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs similar in size and shape as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 3 pairs (some paratype material with 4 pairs) of stout standing narrowly spatulate hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin, and 1 pair on vertex. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate and with superimposed rugulose sculpture. Pronotal humerus without a projecting hair; remainder of alitrunk dorsum without erect hairs. Propodeum with two pairs of short, narrowly spatulate posteriorly curved hairs at anterior base of propodeal spines. Alitrunk dorsum with short curved spatulate ground-pilosity. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly, posterior portion of mesonotum sharply depressed, posterior alitrunk more or less flat. Metanotal groove shallowly impressed. Anterior humeral angles rounded, posterior lateral margin of pronotum marginate and often with a raised welt. Anterior margin of mesonotum raised above pronotum, forming a transverse arched lip across dorsum. Anterior mesonotum with a narrow projecting rim above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a circular notch. Propodeal spines narrow, almost spiniform, diverging, strongly elevated and recurved anteriorly, infradental lamella absent. Pronotal dorsum striolate-punctate to
----- Page 670 -----rugulose-punctate with anterior margin without punctures or with a fine punctulate surface. Sides of pronotum striolate to costulate with punctate sculpture on apical portion and more or less smooth or finely punctulate on basal half. Mesonotum and propodeum densely reticulate-punctate. Pleurae with reticulate-punctulate sculpture which is faint or effaced on central pleurae. Petiole node in dorsal view with superficial rugulose sculpture on a fine reticulate-punctulate surface, slightly broader than long. Postpetiole dorsum with faint longitudinally striolate sculpture on a finely punctulate surface. Spongiform appendages of petiole moderately developed. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle a well developed curtain across the base of the peduncle, width of strip distinctly greater than maximum width of eye. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole moderately developed. Basigastral costulae dense and distinct, interspersed with longer faint striolate sculpture, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny where clean. Dorsal surface of petiole with one pair of erect stout remiform hairs; postpetiole and gaster with stout standing remiform hairs. Colour light to medium brown.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 4.9 - 6.0, HL 1.37 - 1.66, HW 1.28 - 1.65, CI 93 - 101, ML 0.65 - 0.72, MI 43 - 48, SL 0.86 - 1.04, SI 62 - 68, PW 0.53 - 0.67, AL 1.13 - 1.44 (7 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 6.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, 15 deg. 41 min. S, 49 deg. 57 min. E, 25 m, 14.xi.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), rainforest, #886 (4)-11 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 7 workers with same data as holotype but coded (21)-14, (13)-12, (46)-11, (30)-7, (34)-10, (43)-7 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: 6.5 km SSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 875 m (B.L. Fisher); 17 km W Andapa, Res. d’ Anjanaharibe-Sud, 875 m (G.D. Alpert); 9.2 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 1200 m (B.L. Fisher); 5.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, 425 m (B.L. Fisher); 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, 825 m (B.L. Fisher); Andranobe, Route d’Andriamena, (A. Peyrieras); F.C. Andrianantantely 530 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); F.C. Sandranantitra 450 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); 43 km S Ambalavao, Res. Andringitra, 825 m (B.L. Fisher); 45 km S Ambalavao, 785 m (B.L. Fisher); 9.0 km NE Ivohibe, 900 m (S. Razafimandimby); 8.0 km E Ivohibe, R. S. Ivohibe 1200 m (S. Razafimandimby); 10 km NW Enakara, Res. Andohahela, 430 m (B.L. Fisher).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extend the range shown by the types series: HL 1.32 - 1.45, HW 1.28 - 1.41, CI 95 - 101, ML 0.61 - 0.69, MI 46 - 50, SL 0.83 - 0.92, SI 64 - 69 (6 measured). In some specimens from Ivohibe, disc of postpetiole more or less smooth but otherwise match all the type characters.
diagnosis
[p]S. vazimba is unmistakable. It is the largest known species of Strumigenys in the world (HW 1.28 - 1.65) and in Madagascar, is approached only by grandidieri (HW 0.97 - 1.14). The presence of only 1 preapical tooth and/or denticle on left mandible blade, the greatly expanded laminar flange along the length of the upper scrobe margin that terminates at the occipital lobes, diverging recurved propodeal spines, and the alitrunk dorsum without erect hairs, also help identify this species.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] scotti-groupdescription:
[p]DIAGNOSIS OF WORKER
[p]Mandible in full-face view with outer margins shallowly and evenly convex (diota, diux, doxa, epulo, europs, finator, glycon, inatos, langrandi, lexex, livens, lucomo, lura, odacon, origo, ravola, rubigus, scotti) or blades almost straight and at full closure parallel (balux, bola, cabira, chroa, covina, deverra, ipsea, tegar). Inner margin of blade with a distinct lamella in balux, bola, cabira, chroa, covina, deverra, tegar.
[p]Dentition of mandibles. Apical fork of each blade with 2 spiniform, rarely with 1 or 2 denticles located ventral to the ventral most apical fork tooth; without intercalary teeth or denticles between apical fork teeth. Each mandible with 2 stout or spiniform preapical teeth which are situated in the apical third of the length of the blade; proximal preapical teeth slightly longer than the distal.
[p]Labral range-finder/trigger-hair paired, combined, and directed apically.
[p]Scape elongate and cylindrical.
[p]Promesonotum flat to slightly convex dorsally and bluntly marginate laterally.
[p]Ventrolateral margin of head without trace of a preocular notch, the margin continuos in from of the eye. Ventral surface of ahead without a preocular transverse groove but postbuccal groove is distinct.
[p]Spongiform appendages of petiole usually developed into at least a narrow ventral curtain, rarely completely absent. Postpetiole usually with lateral and ventral lobes.
----- Page 671 -----[p]Pilosity. Pronotal humerus usually with, rarely without, a projecting specialized hair. Upper scrobe margin with curved or appressed slender to clavate hairs (no hairs present in diux). Cephalic dorsum usually with 6 standing hairs, arranged as a transverse row of 4 near occipital margin and a pair close to highest point of vertex. Mesonotum with at least one pair of standing hairs. Dorsal surface of postpetiole, and gaster with short filiform to narrowly clavate hairs.
[p]Sculpture. Head reticulate-punctate, rarely with longitudinal or oblique rugulae or costulae; alitrunk usually reticulate-punctate, pronotal dorsum occasionally smooth and/or with longitudinal costulae; pleurae usually smooth, rarely entirely reticulate-punctate. Gaster unsculptured except for basigastral costulae.
[p]Glands. Scape gland absent (balux, bola, chroa, glycon, ipsea, langrandi, lura, odacon, tegar) or visible as a elongate patch near apex or rarely entire length of ventral scape (cabira, covina, deverra, diota, diux, doxa, epulo, europs, finator, inatos, lexex, livens, lucomo, origo, ravola, rubigus, scotti). Apicofemoral gland bola usually absent on all femora; present in cabira, covina, deverra, diota, epulo, inatos. Apicotibial gland bola usually absent on all tibia; present on at least the hind tibia in cabira, covina, deverra, epulo, langrandi, odacon. Gland at base of fortibial spur conspicuous (absent in diota). Apicotarsal glands visible on at least first three tarsi of fortarsi, decreasing in size from basal tarsi where it is elongate to the third tarsal segment where it is oval. Mesopleural hair-filled gland visible and set in a circular notch (concave impression in ipsea).
diagnosis
[p]The absence of a preocular and ventral preocular impression in the head, combined with the presence of 2 stout preapical teeth on each mandible blade, and elongate and cylindrical to subcylindrical scapes, is immediately diagnostic of the scotti-group.
discussion
[p]Members of this group can be divided into 5 complexes based on mandible shape and number and shape of hairs on the pronotum and cephalic dorsum.
[p]1) chroa-complex (balux, bola, cabira, chroa, covina, deverra, ipsea, tegar). Mandible in full-face view with blades almost straight and at full closure parallel. Inner margin of mandible blade with a translucent lamina that extends from proximal preapical tooth, or close to tooth, to level of anterior clypeal margin (absent in ipsea). Flagellate hairs absent, except on the pronotum in bola and deverra. Upper scrobe margin posteriorly without stiff erect hairs that are longer than hairs on leading edge of scape.
[p]2) epulo-complex (epulo). Mandibles in full face view with outer margins shallowly convex. Inner margin of mandible without a translucent lamina extending from vicinity of proximal preapical tooth to level of anterior clypeal margin. Cephalic dorsum, pronotum, mesonotum, petiole and postpetiole with standing fine, flagellate hairs. Upper scrobe margin posteriorly without stiff erect hairs that are longer than hairs on leading edge of scape.
[p]3) diux-complex (diux, doxa). Mandibles in full face view with outer margins shallowly convex. Inner margin of mandible without a translucent lamina extending from vicinity of proximal preapical tooth to level of anterior clypeal margin. Flagellate hairs absent. Pronotum with a stiff filiform hair at each humeral angle. Upper scrobe margin posteriorly with 1 or more stiff erect hairs that are longer than hairs on leading edge of scape.
[p]4) diota-complex (diota). Mandibles in full face view with outer margins very shallowly convex. Inner margin of mandible without a translucent lamina extending from vicinity of proximal preapical tooth to level of anterior clypeal margin. Flagellate hairs absent. Pronotum at humeral angle without an erect hair. Upper scrobe margin posteriorly without stiff erect hairs that are longer than hairs on leading edge of scape.
----- Page 672 -----[p]5) scotti-complex (europs, finator, glycon, inatos, langrandi, lexex, livens, lucomo, lura, odacon, origo, ravola, rubigus, scotti). Mandibles in full face view with outer margins shallowly convex. Inner margin of mandible without a translucent lamina extending from vicinity of proximal preapical tooth to level of anterior clypeal margin. Flagellate hairs present on pronotum. Upper scrobe margin posteriorly without stiff erect hairs that are longer than hairs on leading edge of scape.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys balux [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.5, HL 0.62, HW 0.47, CI 77, ML 0.32, MI 51, SL 0.40, SI 85, PW 0.29, AL 0.69. Characters of chroa-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel, except at base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 stout spiniform teeth; 1 or 2 denticles that share a common base located ventral to the ventral most apical fork tooth; without intercalary teeth or denticles between apical fork teeth. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth; narrow lamella present on masticatory margin of mandible from base of mandibles to proximal preapical tooth; in dorsal view, inner margin of lamella shallowly and evenly convex and more or less confluent at full closure. Upper scrobe margin rounding into the sides of head near posterior margin of eye. Eyes large, the maximum diameter of the eye distinctly greater than the maximum width of the scape. Antennal scapes with their leading edges equipped with a row of slender hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum with curved narrow spatulate to spoon-shaped ground-pilosity, the upper scrobe margins fringed with a row of hairs which are the same shape and size as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 4 simple standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin. Pronotal humerus without a projecting hair. Anterior margin of mesonotum with a pair of erect clavate hairs. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk as on head. Posterior portion of mesonotum shallowly concave dorsally; propodeal dorsum sloping gradually to declivity. Propodeal teeth slender and pointed apically; infradental lamella narrow. Head, alitrunk dorsum and sides, petiole, and postpetiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate. Ventral spongiform tissue on petiole moderately developed, lateral lobes small and vestigial. Postpetiole with distinct lateral and ventral spongiform lobes. Base of first gastral tergite with a continuous row of costulae. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with stout standing hairs which are thickened apically. Colour dull yellowish brown.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 45 km S Ambalavao, 22 deg. 13 min. S, 47 deg. 1 min. E, 785 m, 25.ix.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood) rainforest #696 (26)-10 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: 5 km S Sambava (WL and DE Brown); Station Forestière Ampijoroa (P. S Ward); 7 km W Ranomafana (W. E. Steiner).
description:
[p] TL 2.3 - 2.5, HL 0.57 - 0.61, HW 0.45 - 0.50, CI 77 - 82, ML 0.29 - 0.30, MI 49 - 51, SL 0.36 - 0.40, SI 75 - 86, PW 0.27 - 0.29, AL 0.62 - 0.67 (4 measured).
diagnosis
[p]S. balux is distinguished from other species in the chroa-complex by having the pronotal humerus without a projecting hair, a single pair of clavate hairs on the anterior margin of the mesonotum, and mandibular lamellae more or less confluent at full closure. See under cabira for further discussion.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys bola [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.0, HL 0.71, HW 0.50, CI 70, ML 0.37, MI 52, SL 0.46, SI 93, PW 0.30, AL 0.78. Characters of chroa-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel, except at base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 stout spiniform teeth; 1 denticle ventral to the ventral most apical fork tooth; without intercalary teeth or denticles between apical fork teeth. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth; narrow lamella present on masticatory margin of mandible from base of mandible to proximal preapical tooth; in dorsal view, inner margin of lamella more or less straight. Upper scrobe margin rounding into the sides of occipital lobes; upper scrobe bluntly marginate. Eyes large, the maximum diameter of the eye distinctly greater than the maximum width of the scape. Antennal scapes with their leading edges equipped with a row of slender filiform hairs which curve towards the apex. Upper scrobe margin with similar shaped hairs as scape and terminating in an erect narrowly clavate hair.
----- Page 673 -----Cephalic dorsum with curved narrow spatulate to spoon-shaped ground-pilosity. Cephalic dorsum with 4 simple standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin and a pair situated more anteriorly. Pronotal humerus with a flagellate hair. Anterior margin of mesonotum with a pair of filiform to narrowly clavate hairs. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk as on head but sparser. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and more or less flat posteriorly. Propodeal teeth slender and pointed apically; infradental lamella vestigial. Lateral margin of declivity with a small posteriorly projecting hair at level of the propodeal spiracle. Alitrunk dorsum reticulate-punctate; pleurae mostly smooth and shiny. Dorsum of petiole densely reticulate-punctate. Dorsum of postpetiole finely longitudinally costulate laterally, smooth and shiny medially. Ventral spongiform tissue of petiole forming a narrow strip which decreases in width anteriorly before forming an small acute anterior tooth; lateral spongiform lobe vestigial or absent. Postpetiole with distinct lateral and ventral spongiform lobes. Base of first gastral tergite with sparse costulae laterally. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with stout standing hairs which are thickened apically. Colour dull yellowish brown.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 3.0 - 3.2, HL 0.68 - 0.76, HW 0.46 - 0.52, CI 68 - 72, ML 0.33 - 0.37, MI 48 - 52, SL 0.43 - 0.47, SI 87 - 96, PW 0.30 - 0.33, AL 0.76 - 0.82 (8 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 9.2 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 14 deg. 45 min. S, 49 deg. 28 min. E, 1200 m, 10.xi.1994, canopy leaf litter, moss; montane rainforest #1206 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 1 worker and 1 queen (dealate) with same data as holotype; 3 workers and 1 queen with same data as holotype but coded #1203; 4 workers with same data as holotype but 1180 m, 7.xi.1994, and coded 1173; 3 worker with same data has holotype but labeled sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood) and coded 1192 (1)-6, (37)-10, (40)-5 (BMNH, SAM).
diagnosis
[p]S. bola is distinguished from other species in the chroa-complex by having upper scrobe margin bluntly marginate and gradually fading posterior of eyes, without a sharply defined rim, mesonotum with one pair of hairs, and pronotal humerus with a flagellate hair.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys cabira [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.8, HL 0.64, HW 0.48, CI 75, ML 0.28, MI 44, SL 0.43, SI 89, PW 0.31, AL 0.71. Characters of chroa-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel, except at base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 stout spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth; narrow lamella present on masticatory margin of mandible extending from base of mandible to proximal preapical tooth; in dorsal view, inner margin of mandible lamella shallowly and evenly convex, tapering before reaching preapical tooth. In dorsal view, distance of gap between mandibular lamellae at clypeal margin approximately equal to the width of mandible blade. Upper scrobe margin rounding into the sides of head near posterior margin of eye. Eyes moderate in size, the maximum diameter of the eye proximately equal to the maximum width of scape. Antennal scapes with their leading edges equipped with a row of short spoon-shaped hairs which curve towards the apex. Cephalic dorsum with curved spoon-shaped ground-pilosity, the upper scrobe margins fringed with a row of hairs which are the same shape and size as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 4 clavate standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin. Anterior margin of mesonotum with a pair of erect clavate hairs curved toward the midline. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk as on head. Posterior portion of mesonotum shallowly concave dorsally; propodeal dorsum sloping gradually to declivity. Propodeal teeth broadly triangular, lamellate, apex directed posteriorly; and subtended by moderately developed infradental lamellae. Dorsum of head, alitrunk, and petiole node reticulate-punctate with a granular appearance. Pleurae and sides of propodeum smooth except for peripheral punctures. Postpetiole node shiny and faintly punctulate. Spongiform appendages of pedicel segments well developed. In profile the petiole with a wide ventral strip and a small lateral appendage on the node. Ventral spongiform lobe on postpetiole a rounded, dorsally projecting triangle in profile, approximately equal to the exposed area of the postpetiolar disc in profile. Lateral lobe of postpetiole large and lamellate. Base of first gastral tergite with fine costulae radiating on each side of a broad central clear area. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with stout standing clavate hairs. Colour dull yellowish brown.
----- Page 674 -----[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 3.0,HL 0.66, HW 0.47,CI 71, ML 0.32, MI 48, SL 0.47, SI 101, PW 0.31, AL 0.81 (1 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 11 km NW Enakara, Rés. Andohahela 24 deg. 34 min. S, 46 deg. 50 min. E, 800 m, 17.xi.1992, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood, rainforest #492 (15)-14 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 1 worker. 13 km NW Enakara, Rés. Andohahela 24 deg. 33 min. S, 46 deg. 48 min. E, 1250 m, 30.xi.1992, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood, montane rainforest #561 (23)-4 (B.L. Fisher) (SAM).
diagnosis
[p]S. cabira, balux and tegar are distinguished from other species in the chroa-complex by a short upper scrobe margin, pronotal humerus without a projecting hair, and a single pair of clavate hairs on the anterior margin of the mesonotum. S. cabira is separated from balux and tegar by the large gap between base of mandible blades; in dorsal view, distance of gap between mandibular lamellae at clypeal margin approximately equal to the width of mandible blade. In addition, the postpetiole node is mostly shiny and only faintly punctulate, while in balux and tegar, the postpetiole node in dorsal view is distinctly reticulate-punctate. S. balux and tegar are best distinguished by size: HL 0.57 - 0.62 in balux and HL 0.75 in tegar.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys chroa [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Figs 404, 420)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.2, HL 0.80, HW 0.67, CI 84, ML 0.30, MI 38, SL 0.44, SI 66, PW 0.35, AL 0.81. Characters of chroa-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel, except at base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 stout spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth; proximal preapical tooth confluent with lamella on masticatory margin of mandibles which extends to base of mandibles; in dorsal view, inner margin of lamella more or less straight. Upper scrobe margin a broad lamella which terminates at the occipital lobes; lamella about as wide as antennal scape. Eyes small, with about 10 ommatidia. Antennal scapes with their leading edges equipped with a row of slender filiform hairs which curve towards the apex. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with rows of curved narrow spatulate to spoon-shaped ground-pilosity, the upper scrobe margins fringed with a dense row of hairs which are the same shape and size as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 6 simple standing hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Pronotal humerus without a projecting hair. Anterior margin of mesonotum with a pair of clavate to remiform hairs; posterior mesonotum with 2 additional pairs which are similar in shape to anterior pair but shorter. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk as on head. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and more or less flat posteriorly; posterior portion of mesonotum slightly depressed below the anterior margin of propodeum. Anterior mesonotum sharply marginate laterally, forming a convex lamellate extension above the mesothoracic spiracle. Propodeal tooth lamellate and confluent with the greatly expanded infradental lamella for more than half its length. Alitrunk dorsum reticulate-punctate; pleurae mostly smooth and shiny, peripherally reticulate punctate. Dorsum of petiole densely reticulate-punctate. Dorsum of postpetiole smooth and shiny; in dorsal view, exposed cuticle of postpetiole node conspicuously broader than long. Ventral and lateral spongiform tissue of petiole and postpetiole greatly developed; ventral spongiform tissue of petiole marginate medially. Base of first gastral tergite with a continuous row of costulae. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with stout standing hairs which are thickened apically. Colour dull yellowish brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 3.1 - 3.3, HL 0.77 - 0.82, HW 0.68 - 0.70, CI 86 -88, ML 0.29 - 0.31, MI 37 - 38, SL 0.41 - 0.46, SI 61 - 65, PW 0.33 - 0.37, AL 0.78 - 0.86 (3 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Toliara, southern Isoky-Vohimena Forest, 22 deg. 41 min. S, 44 deg. 50 min. E, 730 m, 21.i.1996, (S. Razafimandimby) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 1 worker with same data as holotype, 2 workers with same data as holotype but labeled sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), dry forest and coded #1312 (9)-3, and (6)-4 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: Montagne d’Ambre N. P. Petit Lac, 1000 m (Alpert et al.); Montagne d’Ambre (S. Taiti and L. Bartolozzi); R.S. Manongarivo, 12.8 km 228 deg. SW Antanambao, 780 m (B.L. Fisher); R.S. Manongarivo, 14.5 km 220 deg. SW Antanambao, 1175 m (B.L. Fisher); Marojejy R.N.I. #12 (G.D. Alpert); F.C. Didy 960 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); F.C. Andrianantantely 530 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); 7 km W Ranomafana (W. E. Steiner); Ranomafana Nat.
----- Page 675 -----Park (E. Rajeriarison); 29 km NNW Ranohira, Isalo N. P. (Alpert et al.); 28 km NNW Ranohira, Isalo N. P. (G.D. Alpert).description:
[p] This material included workers form higher elevations that were larger than the type series: HL 0.80 - 0.93, HW 0.64 - 0.77, CI 80 - 84, ML 0.31 - 0.36, MI 36 - 41, SL 0.43 - 0.52, SI 66 - 72 (11 measured).
diagnosis
[p]A widely distributed but easily recognized member of the chroa-complex. S. chroa is recognized by its lamellate upper scrobe margin, pronotal humerus without a projecting hair, and marginate ventral spongiform tissue of petiole.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys covina [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.0, HL 0.74, HW 0.53, CI 72, ML 0.32, MI 43, SL 0.44, SI 82, PW 0.35, AL 0.77. Characters of chroa-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel, except at base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 stout spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth; basal half of proximal preapical tooth confluent with lamella on masticatory margin which extends to base of mandible; in dorsal view, inner margin of lamella more or less straight. Upper scrobe margin a narrow lamella which terminates at the occipital lobes; lamella about half as wide as antennal scape. Maximum width of eye about equal to maximum width of antennal scape. Antennal scapes with their leading edges equipped with a row of slender filiform hairs which curve towards the apex. Cephalic dorsum with rows of curved narrow spatulate to spoon-shaped ground-pilosity, the upper scrobe margins fringed with a dense row of hairs which are the same shape and size as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 6 simple standing hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Pronotal humerus with a projecting filiform hair with a pointed apex. Anterior margin of mesonotum with a pair of stout filiform hairs; posterior mesonotum with 2 additional pairs which are similar in shape to anterior pair but shorter. Propodeum with a pair of narrow filiform hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk sparse and similar in size and shape as on head. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and more or less flat posteriorly; posterior portion of mesonotum slightly depressed below the anterior margin of propodeum. Anterior mesonotum with a lamellate extension above a deep mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ. Propodeal tooth broadly triangular, lamellate, spongiform, pointed apically; and subtended by a greatly expanded infradental lamella. Alitrunk dorsum reticulate-punctate; pleurae mostly smooth and shiny, peripherally reticulate punctate. Dorsum of petiole densely reticulate-punctate. Dorsum of postpetiole smooth and shiny; in dorsal view, exposed cuticle of postpetiole node conspicuously broader than long. Ventral and lateral spongiform tissue of petiole and postpetiole moderately developed. Base of first gastral tergite with short costulae radiating on each side of a broad central clear area, balance of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with standing filiform hairs. Colour dull yellowish brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 3.0, HL 0.74, HW 0.53, CI 72, ML 0.31, MI 42, SL 0.43, SI 80, PW 0.35, AL 0.78. (1 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe, 15 deg. 40 min. S, 49 deg. 58 min. E, 425 m, 21.xi.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), rainforest, #926 (32)-11 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 1 worker with same data as holotype but coded (33)-9 (BMNH).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: R.S. Manongarivo, 14.5 km 220 deg. SW Antanambao, 1175 m (B.L. Fisher);
description:
[p] Measurements of this specimen extends the range shown by the type-series: HL0.73, HW 0.56, CI 76, ML 0.31, MI 42, SL 0.46, SI 83 (1 measured).
diagnosis
[p]S. covina is distinguished from other species in the chroa-complex by a lamellate upper scrobe margin and filiform hairs on pronotal humerus, petiole, postpetiole and first gastral tergite.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys deverra [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.1, HL 0.74, HW 0.56, CI 76, ML 0.30, MI 41, SL 0.44,
----- Page 676 -----SI 78, PW 0.35, AL 0.80. Characters of chroa-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel, except at base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 stout spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth; basal half of proximal preapical tooth confluent with lamella on masticatory margin which extends to base of mandible; in dorsal view, inner margin of lamella more or less straight. Upper scrobe margin a narrow lamella which terminates at the occipital lobes; lamella about half as wide as antennal scape. Maximum width of eye about equal to or slightly smaller than maximum width of antennal scape. Antennal scapes with their leading edges equipped with a row of spatulate hairs which curve towards the apex. Cephalic dorsum with rows of curved narrow spatulate to spoon-shaped ground-pilosity, the upper scrobe margins fringed with a dense row of hairs which are the same shape and size as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 6 standing remiform to clavate hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Pronotal humerus with a projecting flagellate hair. Anterior margin of mesonotum with a pair of stout remiform hairs; posterior mesonotum with 2 additional pairs which are similar in shape to anterior pair but shorter. Propodeum with a pair of narrow remiform hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk sparse and similar in size and shape as on head. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and more or less flat posteriorly; posterior portion of mesonotum slightly depressed below the anterior margin of propodeum. Humeral angle centrally marginate. Anterior mesonotum with a lamellate extension above a deeply impressed mesothoracic spiracle. Propodeal tooth broadly triangular, lamellate, pointed apically; and subtended by a greatly expanded infradental lamella. Alitrunk dorsum densely reticulate-punctate; pleurae mostly smooth and shiny, peripherally reticulate punctate. Dorsum of petiole densely reticulate-punctate. Disc of postpetiole smooth and shiny with superficial longitudinal carinulate sculpture laterally; exposed cuticle of postpetiole node conspicuously broader than long. Ventral and lateral spongiform tissue of petiole and postpetiole moderately developed. Base of first gastral tergite with short costulae radiating on each side of a narrow central clear area, balance of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with standing remiform to broadly clavate hairs. Colour dull yellowish brown.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.9 - 3.2, HL 0.71 - 0.79, HW 0.53 - 0.60, CI 74 - 77, ML 0.29 - 0.31, MI 39 - 43, SL 0.42 - 0.46, SI 77 - 81, PW 0.32 - 0.37, AL 0.75 - 0.83 (5 measured). As holotype except that they showed variation in the strength of the development of the infradental lamella on the propodeal declivity.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 45 km S Ambalavao, 22 deg. 13 min. S, 47 deg. 01 min. E, 785 m, 25.ix.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold rotten wood), rainforest #696 (35)-12 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 1 worker with same data as holotype; 4 workers with same data but coded (18)-13, (11)-15 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: 45 km S Ambalavao (B.L. Fisher); Res. Andohahela 420 m (B.L. Fisher); 2.7 km WNW 302 deg. Ste. Luce 20 m (B.L. Fisher).
description:
[p] Members of this series match the types but slightly extend the range shown by the type-series: HL 0.70 - 0.76, HW 0.52 - 0.57, CI 74 - 77, ML 0.29 - 0.31, MI 41 - 42, SL 0.40 - 0.44, SI 76 - 79 (3 measured).
diagnosis
[p]S. deverra is distinguished from other species in the chroa-complex by having a lamellate upper scrobe margin, pronotal humerus with a projecting flagellate hair, and remiform to broadly clavate hairs on petiole, postpetiole and first gastral tergite.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys diota [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Fig. 400)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.9, HL 0.67, HW 0.45, CI 67, ML 0.38, MI 57, SL 0.52, SI 115, PW 0.28, AL 0.76. Characters of scotti-group. Mandibles in full face view with outer margins shallowly and evenly convex, the width of the blade approximately constant from the level of the proximal preapical tooth to near the base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 stout spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth which are situated in the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin a evenly diverging posteriorly, shallowly convex, not bordered by a rim or flange, the eyes clearly visible in full face view. Maximum width of eye about equal to or slightly larger than maximum width of antennal scape, 4 - 5 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes long slender and
----- Page 677 -----subcylindrical, only very feebly curved near the base and with their leading edges equipped with a row of slender small hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with short broad flattened hairs which appear scale-like to spatulate in full-face view. The upper scrobe margin fringed with a row of hairs which is the same as those on the dorsum and about equal in size to the projecting hairs on the leading edge of the scape. Cephalic dorsum with 6 standing remiform to clavate hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal humerus without a projecting hair. Anterior margin of mesonotum with a pair of stout clavate hairs. Propodeum with a pair of narrow spatulate hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Ground-pilosity of dorsal alitrunk of short curved, broadly spatulate hairs which decrease in density posteriorly on the propodeum. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and more or less flat posteriorly; posterior portion of mesonotum slightly depressed below the anterior margin of propodeum. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum with a narrow carina above the mesothoracic spiracle. Propodeal tooth broadly triangular and pointed apically. Infradental lamella narrow. Alitrunk dorsum and sides, and petiole densely reticulate-punctate. Disc of postpetiole shiny with longitudinally carinate sculpture; exposed cuticle of postpetiole node conspicuously broader than long. Ventral spongiform tissue of petiole and postpetiole moderately developed. Petiole with a weakly developed lateral lobe. Lateral lobe of postpetiole, in dorsal view, only very slightly projecting beyond the lateral outline of the disc. Base of first gastral tergite with sharply defined costulae radiating on each side of a broad central clear area, balance of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with standing remiform to broadly clavate hairs which are thickened apically. Colour dull yellowish brown.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.5, HL 0.57, HW 0.39, CI 68, ML 0.31, MI 55, SL 0.43, SI 111, PW 0.24, AL 0.62 (1 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 6.5 km SSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 14 deg. 45 min. S, 49 deg. 30 min. E, 875 m, 19.x.1994, sifted litter (leaf mold rotten wood), rainforest #1070 (42)-20 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 1 worker with same data as holotype but coded (4)-9 (BMNH).
diagnosis
[p]S. diota is distinguished from other species in the scotti-group by having the pronotal humerus without a projecting hair and the inner margin of mandible without a translucent lamina. The narrow and relatively long mandibles and long scapes also help identify this species, MI 55 - 57, SI 111 - 115.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys diux [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.3, HL 0.57, HW 0.40, CI 69, ML 0.27, MI 48, SL 0.33, SI 82, PW 0.26, AL 0.60. Characters of diux-complex. Mandibles in full face view with outer margins shallowly and evenly convex, the width of the blade approximately constant from the level of the proximal preapical tooth to near the base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 stout spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth, the proximal longer and slightly stouter than the distal, both teeth within the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin evenly and shallowly convex in full-face view, not bordered by a rim or flange, the eyes clearly visible, the apices of the upper scrobe margins confluent with the sides of the occipital lobes through an even curve, without an angle separating the two. Maximum width of eye slightly larger than maximum width of antennal scape, 5 - 6 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes short, stout, shallowly and gently curved and with their leading edges equipped with an apically directed row of narrow hairs which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Ground-pilosity of cephalic dorsum sparse and inconspicuous narrowly spoon-shaped hairs, the upper scrobe margin without a fringe of hairs. Cephalic dorsum with 8 standing filiform hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close to the occipital margin, a pair located at the anterior lateral margins of the occipital lobes (near level of apex of upper scrobe margin), and a more anteriorly and centrally situated pair. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal humerus with a stiff filiform projecting hair. Anterior margin of mesonotum with a pair of stiff filiform hairs. Propodeum with a pair of fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Dorsal alitrunk without conspicuous ground-pilosity. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and more or less flat posteriorly; posterior portion of mesonotum only slightly depressed below the anterior margin of propodeum.
----- Page 678 -----Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum without a conspicuous ridge or narrow carina above the mesothoracic spiracle. Propodeal tooth broadly triangular and pointed apically, without infradental lamella. Alitrunk dorsum, petiole, and postpetiole densely and shallowly reticulate-punctate. Side of alitrunk smooth with only peripheral punctation present. Spongiform appendages of petiole consisting of a narrow ventral strip and a narrow posterior collar. Postpetiole in profile with the lateral lobe much reduced, obviously smaller than the ventral spongiform lobe, and the latter smaller than the exposed area of the postpetiolar disc in profile. Lateral lobe of postpetiole, in dorsal view, only very slightly projecting beyond the lateral outline of the disc. Base of first gastral tergite with sharply defined short costulae with a narrow central clear area, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with standing filiform hairs. Colour dull brownish yellow.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.3 - 2.4, HL 0.55 - 0.59, HW 0.38 - 0.41, CI 67 - 72, ML 0.27 - 0.29, MI 47 - 50, SL 0.33 - 0.34, SI 80 - 86, PW 0.25 - 0.27, AL 0.59 - 0.63 (4 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, 15 deg. 34 min. S, 50 deg. 00 min. E, 825 m, 2.xii.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), rainforest, #976 (28)-15 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 5 workers and 2 queens (dealate) with same data as holotype but coded (34)-14, (43)-10, (48)-15, (48)-17, (49)-11 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 875 m (B.L. Fisher); 6.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, 25 m (B.L. Fisher); 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe, 425 m (B.L. Fisher); Fotodriana, Cap Masoala, 25 m (Alpert et al.); 1 km W. Andampibe, Cap Masoala, 125 m (Alpert et al.); 14km W Cap Est. Ambato, 100m G.D. Alpert).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extend the range shown by the types series: ML 0.25 - 0.27, SL 0.29 - 0.33 (9 measured). This material differs slightly in the diagnostic characters of the type material. In specimens from Cap Masoala and Ambato, the ventral spongiform lobe of the postpetiole is often larger than the exposed area of the postpetiolar disc in profile.
diagnosis
[p]S. diux and doxa are recognized as members of the diux-complex by the presence of stiff filiform hairs at the humeral angles and the presence of one or more erect hairs at the apex of the upper scrobe margin. S. diux is easily distinguished from doxa and other species in the scotti-group by the absence of a fringe of curved hairs along the upper scrobe margin and the presence of a single stiff erect hair at the apex of the upper scrobe margin. In addition, the pronotum is without hairs except for a pair of stiff filiform hairs at the humeral angles.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys doxa [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Fig. 401)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.3, HL 0.83, HW 0.66, CI 80, ML 0.34, MI 41, SL 0.43, SI 66, PW 0.40, AL 0.92. Characters of diux-complex. Mandibles in full face view with outer margins shallowly and evenly convex, the width of the blade gradually decreasing from near the base to the apical teeth. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 stout spiniform teeth, Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth, the proximal longer and slightly stouter than the distal, both teeth within the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin evenly and shallowly convex in full-face view, not bordered by a rim or flange, the eyes visible, the apices of the upper scrobe margins confluent with the sides of the occipital lobes through an even curve, without an angle separating the two. Maximum width of eye slightly larger than maximum width of antennal scape, 6 - 7 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes short, stout, shallowly and gently curved and with their leading edges equipped with an apically directed row of narrow hairs which are flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with curved narrow spatulate to spoon-shaped ground-pilosity, the upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs which are the same shape and size as those on the dorsum. Posterior third of cephalic dorsum with standing remiform hairs arranged in transverse rows and on anterior lateral margins of the occipital lobes (near level of apex of upper scrobe margin). Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal humerus with a stiff filiform projecting hair which is thickened apically. Promesonotum with numerous standing stiff remiform hairs. Propodeum with a pair of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Dorsal alitrunk with ground-pilosity as on head, concentrated on anterior portion of pronotum. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and more or less flat
----- Page 679 -----posteriorly; posterior portion of mesonotum only slightly depressed below the anterior margin of propodeum. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum with a narrow carina above the mesothoracic spiracle. Propodeal tooth broadly triangular and pointed apically, without a distinct infradental lamella. Alitrunk dorsum, petiole, and postpetiole densely reticulate-punctate. Sides of pronotum with punctate sculpture dorsally, remainder smooth. Pleurae and sides of propodeum mostly smooth and shiny except for peripheral fine punctures. Spongiform appendages of pedicel segments moderately developed. In profile the petiole with a straight ventral strip that is similar in width to antennal scape; ventral spongiform lobe of postpetiole slightly larger than the exposed area of the postpetiolar disc in profile. Basigastral costulae short and widely spaced, but sharply defined, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with standing remiform hairs. Colour medium to dark brown.materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 11.0 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 14 deg. 45 min. S, 49 deg. 27 min. E, 1565 m, 16.xi.1994, sifted litter (leaf mold rotten wood), montane rainforest #1232 (17)-6 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratype. 1 queen (dealate) with same data as holotype but: 1550 m, 18.xi.1994, ex rotting tree stump, montane rainforest #1240-1 (SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: Marojejy Mts. 1300 m (J.-M. Betsch).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extends the range shown by the type-series: HL 0.83, HW 0.63, CI 76, ML 0.35, MI 42, SL 0.47, SI 74 (1 measured).
diagnosis
[p]S. doxa is easily distinguished from other species in the diux-complex by having a pronotum with numerous standing remiform hairs in addition to the stiff filiform projecting hairs at the humeral angles. The upper scrobe margin posteriorly with 2 or more stiff erect hairs that are longer than hairs on leading edge of scape, also help identify this species. See discussion under S. diux.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys epulo [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Fig. 402)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.4, HL 0.55, HW 0.37, CI 67, ML 0.26, MI 48, SL 0.34, SI 93, PW 0.25, AL 0.63. Characters of epulo-complex. Mandibles in full face view with outer margins shallowly and evenly convex, the width of the blade approximately constant from the level of the proximal preapical tooth to near the base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth, the proximal longer and slightly stouter than the distal, both teeth within the apical third of the length of the blade. In full-face view, upper scrobe margin narrowly concave (“pinched”) immediately behind frontal lobes. Behind this, upper scrobe margin divergent and shallowly convex, not bordered by a rim or flange except for a thin lamella immediately behind frontal lobes, the eyes clearly visible, the apices of the upper scrobe margins confluent with the sides of the occipital lobes through an even curve, without an angle separating the two. Maximum width of eye slightly larger than maximum width of antennal scape, 4 - 5 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes narrow and subcylindrical, shallowly and gently curved and with their leading edges equipped with an apically directed row of narrow hairs which are flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum clothed with inconspicuous, curved, narrow, filiform ground-pilosity, the upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs which are the same shape and size as those on the dorsum. Posterior half of cephalic dorsum with standing fine, flagellate hairs arranged as follows: 2 pairs close to the occipital margin, a more anteriorly situated pair, and 2 pairs on lateral margins. A shorter filiform hair is located at the apex of the occipital lobes. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal humerus with a long flagellate projecting hair. Mesonotum with two pairs of standing hairs, a flagellate pair on the anterior margin, and immediately behind this pair, a filiform pair that is gently curved toward the midline. Dorsal alitrunk without ground-pilosity. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and more or less flat posteriorly; posterior portion of mesonotum only slightly depressed below the anterior margin of propodeum. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum with a narrow flange above the mesothoracic spiracle. Propodeal tooth broadly triangular and directed posteriorly, without a distinct infradental lamella. Alitrunk dorsum, and discs of petiole and postpetiole more or less smooth and shiny, declivity of promesonotum with fine punctures which appear almost effaced, petiole disc with superficial fine longitudinally striolate sculpture. Sides of alitrunk smooth.
----- Page 680 -----In dorsal view, exposed area of petiolar disc longer than broad, dorsal lateral margins of pedicle with a lamellate flange that extends to the petiolar disc. Spongiform appendages of pedicel segments greatly expanded. In profile the petiole with a well developed ventral strip that is greater in width than the pedicle of the petiole. In dorsal view, postpetiolar disc completely surrounded by spongiform tissue. Basigastral costulae very short and covered by the basigastral strip, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with standing filiform hairs. Flagellate hairs present on petiole and postpetiole. Colour brownish yellow.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.2 - 2.4, HL 0.51 - 0.56, HW 0.35 - 0.38, CI 67 - 71, ML 0.26 - 0.28, MI 46 - 53, SL 0.31 - 34, SI 85 - 90, PW 0.22 - 0.25, AL 0.57 - 0.64 (8 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 6.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, 15 deg. 41 min. S, 49 deg. 57 min. E, 25 m, 14.xi.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), rainforest, #886 (10)-4 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 8 workers and 1 queen (dealate) with same data as holotype but coded (12)-12, (41)-13 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe, 425 m (B.L. Fisher); 19 km SSE Maroantsetra, 350 m (P.S. Ward).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extend the range shown by the types series: HL 0.52 - 0.59, HW 0.35 - 0.39, CI 65 - 70, ML 0.26 - 0.32, MI 50 - 54, SL 0.33 - 0.36, SI 90 - 94 (6 measured). The material for 19 km SSE Maroantsetra differed from the type material by having additional pairs of short filiform hairs on the posterior half of the cephalic dorsum.
diagnosis
[p]S. epulo is easily distinguished from other species in the scotti-group by the presence of flagellate hairs on the cephalic dorsum, pronotal humerus and anterior margin of mesonotum. The mostly smooth and shiny alitrunk dorsum, petiole and postpetiole also help distinguished this species.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys europs [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.5, HL 0.85, HW 0.59, CI 69, ML 0.45, MI 53, SL 0.57, SI 96, PW 0.36, AL 0.95. Characters of scotti-complex. Mandibles in full face view with outer margins very shallowly and evenly convex, the width of the blade approximately constant from the level of the proximal preapical tooth to near the base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth, the proximal longer and slightly stouter than the distal, both teeth within the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin evenly and shallowly convex in full-face view, not bordered by a rim or flange, the eyes visible, the apices of the upper scrobe margins confluent with the sides of the occipital lobes through an even curve, without an angle separating the two. Maximum width of eye slightly larger than maximum width of antennal scape, 5 - 6 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes narrow and subcylindrical, shallowly and gently curved and with their leading edges equipped with an apically directed row of narrow decumbent hairs which are sharply bent at basal third and flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with rows of appressed, narrow, spatulate or spoon-shaped ground-pilosity, the upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs which are longer but similar in shape as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 6 stout standing hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal humerus with a long flagellate projecting hair. Mesonotum with a pairs of stout filiform hairs on the anterior margin. Propodeum with two pairs of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Dorsal alitrunk with sparse ground-pilosity that is similar in shape to pilosity on head. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and more or less flat posteriorly. Metanotal groove represented by a raised transverse ridge across the dorsum. Humeral angles rounded, lateral margin of posterior pronotum with a marginate projection. Anterior mesonotum with a narrow flange above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a large circular notch. Propodeal tooth broadly triangular, spongiform, lamellate, pointed apically, subtended by a moderate infradental lamella. Pronotal dorsum shiny, longitudinally rugulose with superficial punctures laterally. Mesonotal and propodeal dorsum densely reticulate-punctate. Sides of alitrunk smooth, reticulate-punctate peripherally and along vertical groove above mesopleural hair organ. Discs of petiole smooth with faint punctate sculpture that appear almost
----- Page 681 -----effaced; postpetiolar disc smooth and shiny. Spongiform appendages of pedicel segments greatly expanded. In profile the petiole with a well developed ventral strip. Basigastral costulae sharply defined, radiating on each side of a central clear area, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surface of petiole without standing hairs. Postpetiolar disc with a pair of filiform hairs on posterior margin only. Dorsal gaster with standing filiform hairs. Colour light brown.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 3.4 - 3.6, HL 0.79 - 0.85, HW 0.53 - 0.56, CI 65 - 67, ML 0.42 - 0.45, MI 52 - 55, SL 0.53 - 0.58, SI 100 - 108, PW 0.34 - 0.36, AL 0.88 - 0.94 (3 measured). One specimen with a less developed infradental lamella, otherwise as holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 38 km S Ambalavao, Res. Andringitra, 22 deg. 12 min. S, 46 deg. 58 min. E, 1680 m, 23.x.1996, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), montane rainforest, #820 (29)-6 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 3 workers with same data as holotype but (21)-4, (35)-4, (48)-5 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar Massif de l’Itremo, 1630 m (J. -M. Betsch); Res. Andringitra 1990 m (S. Razafimandimby); Massif d’Andringitra, Anjavidilava, 2060 m (J. -M. Betsch).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extend the range shown by the types series: HL 0.78 - 0.86HW 0.52 - 0.57, CI 62 - 68, ML 0.40 - 0.45, MI 51 - 55, SL 0.51 - 0.57 (8 measured). One of the three specimens from Itremo differed from the type material by having a pair of standing hairs on the petiolar disc.
diagnosis
[p]S. europs is most similar to finator and both can be distinguished from other species in the scotti-complex by having the mesonotum with one pair of stiff hairs and dorsum of petiole more or less smooth and shiny.
[p]S. europs and finator differ as follows:
[p] europs
[p]1) Postpetiolar disc with a pair of hairs on posterior margin only.
[p]2) Dorsum of petiole usually without hairs.
[p]3) In full-face view hairs on upper scrobe margin decumbent and sharply bent at basal third.
[p]4) Propodeal lamella well developed, widest section usually distinctly greater in width than eye.
[p]5) Head longer and broader, HL 0.78 - 0.86, HW 0.52 - 0.59
[p]finator
[p] 1) Postpetiolar disc with three pairs of filiform hairs.
[p]2) Dorsum of petiole always with a pair of hairs.
[p]3) In full-face view hairs on upper scrobe margin subdecumbent to suberect, curved through entire length.
[p]4) Infradental lamella of propodeum represented by an inconspicuous, very narrow lamellate ridge.
[p]5) Head shorter and narrower, HL 0.57 - 0.64, HW 0.44 - 0.50
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys finator [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.8, HL 0.64, HW 0.50, CI 77, ML 0.29, MI 45, SL 0.37, SI 75, PW 0.30, AL 0.72. Characters of scotti-complex. Mandibles in full face view with outer margins very shallowly and evenly convex, the width of the blade approximately constant from the level of the proximal preapical tooth to near the base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 spiniform teeth, with 1 denticle located ventral to the ventral most apical fork tooth; without intercalary teeth or denticles between apical fork teeth. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth, the proximal longer and slightly stouter than the distal, both teeth within the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin evenly and shallowly convex in full-face view, not bordered by a rim or flange except immediately behind the frontal lobes, the eyes visible, the apices of the upper scrobe margins confluent with the sides of the occipital lobes through an even curve, without an angle separating the two. Maximum width of eye slightly larger than maximum width of antennal scape, 4 - 5 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes narrow and subcylindrical, shallowly and gently curved and with their leading edges equipped with an apically directed row of narrow subdecumbent to suberect hairs which are curved through entire length, and thickened apically. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with appressed, narrow filiform ground-pilosity, the upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs which are similar in shape and size as those on the leading edge of the antennal scape. Cephalic dorsum with 6 stout standing narrowly clavate hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close
----- Page 682 -----to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal humerus with a long flagellate projecting hair. Mesonotum with a pairs of stout narrowly remiform hairs on the anterior margin. Propodeum with one pair of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Dorsal alitrunk with sparse ground-pilosity that is similar in shape to pilosity on head. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and more or less flat posteriorly, the metanotal groove weekly impressed. Humeral angles rounded, lateral margin of posterior pronotum with a marginate projection. Anterior mesonotum with a narrow flange above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a large circular notch. Propodeal tooth small, triangular, pointed apically, and subtended by an inconspicuous, very narrow infradental lamellate ridge. Pronotal dorsum shiny, superficially longitudinally striolate. Mesonotal dorsum with striolate and punctate sculpture that appears almost effaced. Propodeal dorsum smooth and shiny. Sides of alitrunk glassy smooth, punctate peripherally organ. Discs of petiole and postpetiolar disc smooth and shiny. Spongiform appendages of pedicel segments greatly expanded. In profile the petiole with a well developed ventral strip. Basigastral costulae sharply defined, radiating on each side of a central clear area, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surface of petiole with a pair of standing hairs. Postpetiolar disc with three pairs of filiform hairs. Dorsal gaster with standing filiform hairs. Colour light brown.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.5 - 2.7, HL 0.57 - 0.64, HW 0.44 - 0.46, CI 72 - 77, ML 0.28 - 0.30, MI 46 - 49, SL 0.36 - 0.37, SI 81 - 83, PW 0.26 - 0.27, AL 0.65 - 0.69 (2 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 12.2 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 14 deg. 45 min. S, 49 deg. 28 min. E, 1985 m, 25.xi.1994, sifted litter (leaf mold rotten wood), montane rainforest #1272 (23)-2 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 3 workers and 2 queens (dealate) with same data as holotype but coded (40)-2, (42)-2, (43)-2, (48)-2 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: R.S. Manongarivo, 20.4 km 219 deg. SW Antanambao, 1860 m (B.L. Fisher); 9.2 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 1280 m (B.L. Fisher); 11.0 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 1565 m (B.L. Fisher).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extends the range shown by the type-series: HL 0.51 - 0.58, HW 0.38 - 0.44, CI 74 - 76, ML 0.23 - 0.28, MI 46 - 49, SL 0.30 - 0.37, SI 80 - 84 (3 measured).
diagnosis
[p]S. finator is most similar to europs. Characters isolating finator are discussed under europs.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys glycon [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 1.9, HL 0.45, HW 0.34, CI 75, ML 0.22, MI 48, SL 0.28, SI 83, PW 0.23, AL 0.48. Characters of scotti-complex. Mandibles in full face view bowed outwards with outer margins evenly, the width of the blade approximately constant from the level of the proximal preapical tooth to near the base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth, the proximal longer and slightly stouter than the distal, both teeth within the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin evenly and shallowly convex in full-face view, not bordered by a rim or flange except immediately behind the frontal lobes, the eyes visible, the apices of the upper scrobe margins confluent with the sides of the occipital lobes through an even curve, without an angle separating the two. Eyes small, maximum width of eye slightly smaller than maximum width of antennal scape, 3 - 4 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes narrow and subcylindrical, curved near the base, leading edge slightly expanded behind curve. Leading edge of scapes equipped with an apically directed row of hairs which are filiform to narrowly spatulate. Cephalic dorsum clothed with inconspicuous narrow filiform ground-pilosity, the upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs which are similar in shape and size as those on the leading edge of the antennal scape. Cephalic dorsum with 6 standing narrow filiform hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal dorsum with an elongate fine flagellate hair at humeral angles, central pronotum with a pair of fine, short hairs that are curved towards the midline. Anterior margin of mesonotum with a pair of standing filiform hairs that are thickened apically, lateral margins of mesonotum posterior of the standing hairs with
----- Page 683 -----shorter decumbent hairs that curve toward the midline. Propodeum with one pair of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Dorsal alitrunk with sparse inconspicuous fine appressed ground-pilosity. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and posteriorly gently sloping to the declivity. Humeral angles rounded, lateral margin of posterior pronotum bluntly marginate. Anterior mesonotum with a thin carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a small circular notch. Propodeal tooth small, triangular, lamellate, pointed apically, and subtended by an inconspicuous, very narrow infradental lamella. Pronotal dorsum and sides longitudinally striolate with a longitudinal carina along dorsal midline. Mesonotal dorsum rugose with punctulate sculpture. Propodeal dorsum shiny and superficially areolate. Pleurae and sides of propodeum glassy smooth except for punctures along the vertical groove above mesopleural hair organ. Discs of petiole reticulate-punctate. Postpetiolar disc smooth and shiny. Spongiform appendages of pedicel segments greatly expanded. In profile ventral spongiform curtain of petiolar peduncle well developed, its deepest point at least equal to height of base of peduncle. Basigastral costulae sharply defined, radiating on each side of a broad central clear area, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surface of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with standing filiform hairs. Colour light brown.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 1.9 - 2.0, HL 0.42 - 0.46, HW 0.34 - 0.35, CI 74 - 80, ML 0.22 - 0.23, MI 48 - 55, SL 0.27 - 0.29, SI 77 - 83, PW 0.21 - 0.22, AL 0.47 - 0.49. (4 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, 15 deg. 34 min. S, 50 deg. 00 min. E, 825 m, 2.xii.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), rainforest, #976 (48)-16 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 4 workers and 1 ergatogyne with same data as holotype but coded (15)-12, (28)-14, (45)-14, (46)-15, (49)-13 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: R. S. Manongarivo, 14.5 km 220 deg. SW Antanambao, 1175 m (B.L. Fisher); R. S. Manongarivo, 17.3 km 218 deg. SW Antanambao, 1580 m (B.L. Fisher).
description:
[p] Measurements of this material extends the range shown by the type-series: HL 0.45 - 0.48, HW 0.35 - 0.38, CI 77 - 82, ML 0.24, MI 49 - 53, SL 0.27 - 0.33, SI 78 - 86 (4 measured). Specimens from R.S. Manongarivo lack a pair of fine, short hairs that are curved towards the midline on the central pronotum.
diagnosis
[p]S. glycon is distinguished from other species in the scotti-complex by having the mesonotum with only a single pair of erect hairs located at anterior margin, dorsum of petiole node reticulate-punctate, spongiform curtain of petiolar peduncle well developed, and cephalic dorsum with inconspicuous narrow filiform ground-pilosity.
[p]S. glycon is part of closely related group of the eight smallest species in the scotti-complex with the dorsum of petiole node reticulate-punctate (all or at least some specimens of each species with HL > 0.54). The following matrix summarizes the key characters that help separate the members of this group. See discussion under lexex for characters that distinguish livens from lexex.
[p]Character 1: Number of pairs of hairs on mesonotum
[p]Character 2: Number of pairs of hairs on pronotum, excluding flagellate humeral hair
[p]Character 3: Width of spongiform curtain of petiolar peduncle
[p] 1 2 3
[p]glycon 1 0 or 1 deep
[p]inatos 1 0 narrow
[p]livens 2 0 narrow
[p]odacon 2 0 wide
[p]lura 2 or 3 2 narrow
[p]lexex 2 or 3 0 narrow
[p]lucomo 3 2 narrow with basal tooth
[p]origo 3 1 deep
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys inatos [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.3, HL 0.55, HW 0.43, CI 79, ML 0.28, MI 52, SL 0.37, SI 85, PW 0.26, AL 0.60. Characters of scotti-complex. Mandibles in full face view with outer margins very shallowly and evenly convex, the width of the basal half of the blades approximately constant except near the base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth, the proximal longer and slightly stouter than the distal, both teeth within the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin evenly and shallowly convex in full-face view, not bordered by a rim or flange, the eyes visible, the apices of the upper scrobe margins confluent with the sides of the occipital lobes through an even curve, without an angle separating the two. Maximum width of eye slightly larger than maximum width of antennal scape, 4 - 5 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes narrow and subcylindrical, curved near the base. Leading edge of scapes equipped with an apically directed row of slender hairs which are slightly flattened or narrowly spatulate apically. Cephalic dorsum clothed with curved narrow spatulate to spoon-shaped ground-pilosity, the upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs which are similar in shape and size as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 6 standing narrow filiform hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. An additional short erect hair located near the apex of the upper scrobe margin is present in the type and in some of the paratype specimens. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal dorsum with an elongate fine flagellate hair at humeral angles. Anterior margin of mesonotum with a pair of standing remiform to clavate hairs. Propodeum with one pair of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Dorsal alitrunk with sparse ground-pilosity that is similar in size and shape as on cephalic dorsum. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and posteriorly gently sloping to the declivity. Metanotal groove shallowly impressed. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum with a thin carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a small circular notch. Propodeal tooth triangular, spongiform, pointed apically, and subtended by an inconspicuous, very narrow infradental lamella. Pronotal dorsum longitudinally feebly striolate-rugulose and punctate with a longitudinal carina along dorsal midline. Remainder of dorsal alitrunk reticulate-punctate. Sides of pronotum longitudinally feebly striolate. Pleurae and sides of propodeum smooth, punctate peripherally. Discs of petiole reticulate-punctate. Postpetiolar disc longitudinally striolate and feebly punctate on lateral margins. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle an irregular, narrow strip across the base of the peduncle, its deepest point less than maximum width of eye. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole moderately developed. Basigastral costulae sharply defined, radiating on each side of a broad central clear area, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surface of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with standing filiform to remiform hairs. Colour light brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.2 - 2.5, HL 0.53 - 0.62, HW 0.40 - 0.45, CI 70 - 78, ML 0.27 - 0.30, MI 44 - 51, SL 0.34 - 0.38, SI 78 - 89, PW 0.26 - 0.29, AL 0.58 - 0.64 (8 measured). Most of the paratype material did not have a standing hair located near the apex of the upper scrobe margin, otherwise the paratype material matched the holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 9.2 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 14 deg. 45 min. S, 49 deg. 28 min. E, 1200 m, 9.xi.1994, sifted litter (leaf mold rotten wood), montane rainforest #1192 (36)-8 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 8 workers and 1 queen (dealate) with same data as holotype but coded (2)-7, (10)-10, (13)-6, (29)-6, (9)-9, (25)-5, (40)-6, (41)-6 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: Mont. d’Ambre 1000-1100 m (W.L.and D. E. Brown); R.S. Manongarivo, 12.8 km 228 deg. SW Antanambao, 780 m (B.L. Fisher); R.S. Manongarivo, 14.5 km 220 deg. SW Antanambao, 1175 m (B.L. Fisher); R.S. Manongarivo, 17.3 km 218 deg. SW Antanambao, 1580 m (B.L. Fisher); R.S. Manongarivo, 20.4 km 219 deg. SW Antanambao, 1860 m (B.L. Fisher); 9.2 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud 1200 m (B.L. Fisher); 9.2 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud 1280 m (B.L. Fisher); 11.0 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud 1565 m (B.L. Fisher); Bemanevika (A. Peyrieras); 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, 825 m (B.L. Fisher); 6.3 km S Ambanizana, Andranobe, 25 m (B.L. Fisher); 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe, 425 m (B.L. Fisher); 1 km W Andampibe, Cap Masoala 125 m (Alpert et al.); 25 km NNE Ankazobe 1500 m (P.S. Ward); Perinet and vic. (W.L. Brown); 8 km E Ivohibe, R. S. Ivohibe 1200 m (S. Razafimandimby); 6.5 km ESE Ivohibe, R. S. Ivohibe, 1575 m (S. Razafimandimby); 8.0 km NE Ivohibe, 1200 m (S. Razafimandimby); 40 km S Ambalavao, Res. Andringitra, 1275 m (B.L. Fisher); Vohibasia, 780 m (S. Razafimandimby).
description:
[p]Measurements of this material extend the range shown by the types series HL 0.55 - 0.70, HW 0.40 - 0.53, ML 0.27 - 0.35, MI 48 - 52, SL 0.36 - 0.45 SI 79 - 95 (25 measured). As with many of the paratype specimens, these samples lacked a stiff erect hair at the apex of the upper scrobe margin. These samples differ in two aspects from the type material. The specimens from Andronobe and Cap Masoala have erect hairs on mesonotum, petiole, postpetiole and gaster that are distinctly remiform to clavate. In contrast, type material and other nonparatypes had filiform to narrowly clavate hairs. Workers and queens from Ivohibe, were slightly
----- Page 685 -----larger than other workers and queens from other localities examined. Perhaps new collections will eventually demonstrate that this widespread species includes distinct localized species, but for the present, I consider it best to regard them as a single species.diagnosis
[p]Of the scotti-complex species having the dorsum of petiole node reticulate-punctate, inatos is distinguished by having:
[p]1) Mesonotum with only a single pair of erect hairs, located at anterior margin.
[p]2) Ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle, in profile an irregular, narrow strip across the base of the peduncle, its deepest point less than maximum width of eye.
[p]3) Postpetiolar disc not entirely smooth and shiny; disc longitudinally striolate and usually feebly punctate on lateral margins.
[p]4) Anterior half of fist gastral sternite without hairs.
[p]See under glycon for further discussion.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys ipsea [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.4, HL 0.80, HW 0.52, CI 65, ML 0.44, MI 55, SL 0.58, SI 111, PW 0.31, AL 0.86. Characters of chroa-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel, except at base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 stout teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 2 stout preapical teeth which are situated in the apical third of the length of the blade. The proximal preapical tooth slightly longer than the distal. Upper scrobe margin evenly and shallowly convex in full-face view, not bordered by a rim or flange, the eyes visible. Maximum diameter of the eye distinctly greater than the maximum width of the scape, 5 - 6 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes long slender and subcylindrical, only very feebly curved near the base and with their leading edges equipped with a row of slender small hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum clothed with curved narrow spatulate to spoon-shaped ground-pilosity, concentrated on anterior half of head; the upper scrobe margins fringed with a dense row of hairs which are the same shape and size as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 6 simple standing hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Pronotal humeri each with a single long fine flagellate hair. Mesonotum with a single pair of standing hairs. Propodeum with one pair of short, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk as on head but the hairs smaller and sparser. Promesonotum convex. Posterior portion of mesonotum shallowly depressed behind the level of the standing hairs. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum with a narrow carina above the mesothoracic spiracle. Mesopleural hair organ set in a broad concave impression extending along half of the anterior margin of the katepisternum; in profile, maximum width of concave impression approximately equal to width of forcoxa. Propodeal tooth triangular, spongiform, lamellate, pointed apically; infradental lamella absent. Dorsal alitrunk reticulate-punctate. Sides of alitrunk superficially punctulate peripherally, the pleurae mostly smooth. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate and at least as long as broad, often longer than broad. Postpetiolar disc mostly smooth, lateral margins longitudinally striolate and feebly punctate. Spongiform appendages of petiole nearly absent with only a very narrow, superficial ventral strip. Postpetiole with small ventral spongiform lobes. Basigastral costulae sparse and short. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with standing hairs which are simple or very slightly thickened apically. Colour yellowish brown to medium brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKER TL 3.4 - 3.5, HL 0.79 - 0.83, HW 0.54 - 0.57, CI 66 - 72, ML 0.42 - 0.43, MI 52 - 54, SL 0.57 - 0.62, SI 99 - 112, PW 0.34 - 0.37, AL 0.88 - 0.93 (5 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Diego Suarez, Marojejy Mts. 29.xi.1972, 2060 m, dense forest #4052 (J. -M. Betsch) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 5 workers with same data as holotype (BMNH, SAM).
diagnosis
[p]S. ipsea is the only member of the chroa-complex lacking a mandibular lamella, but is still easily recognized as belonging to this complex by the more or less straight mandibles.
----- Page 686 -----S. ipsea is distinguished from other species in the chroa-complex by having the mesopleural hair organ set in a broad concave impression extending along half of the anterior margin of the katepisternum and its large size, HL 0.79 - 0.83, HW 054 - 0.57. In addition, the following characters help identify this species: pronotal humerus with a flagellate or looped hair, mesonotum with only a single pair of erect hairs, and the spongiform appendages of petiole nearly absent.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys langrandi [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.4, HL 0.58, HW 0.44, CI 76, ML 0.27, MI 47, SL 0.33, SI 76, PW 0.29, AL 0.59. Characters of scotti-complex. Mandibles in full face view short, with outer margins shallowly and evenly convex, blades sharply narrowed at base. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth, the proximal longer and stouter than the distal, both teeth within the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin evenly and shallowly convex in full-face view, not bordered by a rim or flange, the eyes visible. Maximum width of eye slightly larger than the maximum width of antennal scape, 4 - 5 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes subcylindrical, curved and narrowed near base. Leading edge of scapes equipped with an apically directed row of slender filiform to narrowly spatulate hairs. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with erect to suberect filiform ground-pilosity. Upper scrobe margins fringed with spatulate hairs; in full-face view hairs on upper scrobe margin decumbent and sharply bent at basal third, not projecting well beyond the scrobe margin. Cephalic dorsum with 6 standing filiform hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal dorsum with an elongate fine flagellate hair at humeral angles. Mesonotum with two pairs of standing filiform to narrowly remiform hairs: a pair on anterior margin, and a second pair situated on central lateral margin. Propodeum with one pair of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Ground-pilosity on dorsal alitrunk inconspicuous and more or less absent, consisting of short suberect to decumbent fine filiform hairs. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and more or less flat to shallowly convex posteriorly. Metanotal groove without a conspicuous impression. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum with a narrow carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a conspicuous circular notch. Propodeal tooth triangular, spongiform, lamellate, pointed apically, and subtended by a narrow infradental lamella. Pronotal dorsum longitudinally striolate. Mesonotal and propodeal dorsum reticulate-punctate. Sides of pronotum superficially longitudinally striolate. Sides of pleurae and propodeum glassy smooth and peripherally punctulate. Discs of petiole reticulate-punctate. Postpetiolar disc more or less smooth. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle a well developed curtain that is continuos across the base of the peduncle. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole well developed. Basigastral costulae well developed and sharply defined, radiating on each side of a broad central clear area, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surface of petiole, postpetiole, and gaster with standing filiform hairs which are slightly thickened apically. Anterior half of first gastral sternite without erect hairs. Colour light brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKER TL 2.4 - 2.6, HL 0.56 - 0.59, HW 0.44 - 0.45, CI 76 - 80, ML 0.27 - 0.28, MI 46 - 49, SL 0.34 - 0.35, SI 77 - 78, PW 0.28 - 0.30, AL 0.60 - 0.64 (3 measured). One paratype without proximal preapical tooth on left mandible, otherwise as holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Stn. Forestière Manjakatompo, 19 deg. 21 min. S, 47 deg. 10 min. E, 1600 m, 20.ii.1993 sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), montane rainforest, #11971-11 (P.S. Ward) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 3 worker and 1 queen (alate) with same data as holotype (BMNH, SAM).
diagnosis
[p]S. langrandi, odacon and ravola are distinguished from other species in scotti-complex by having mesonotum with two pairs of erect hairs, and ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle a well developed curtain that is continuos across the base of the peduncle. S. langrandi is separated from the other two by the absence of short hairs on the anterior half of first gastral sternite. S. ravola is distinguished by the presence of dense reticulate-punctuate sculpture on pronotum, while in odacon and ravola, the pronotal dorsum is longitudinally striolate on a smooth surface or with superficial punctulate sculpture.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys lexex [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.1, HL 0.47, HW 0.34, CI 73, ML 0.25, MI 53, SL 0.31, SI 89, PW 0.24, AL 0.51. Characters of scotti-complex. Mandibles short and in full face view bowed outwards with outer margins evenly convex, the width of the blade greatest at midlength. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth, the proximal longer and slightly stouter than the distal, both teeth within the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin shallowly concave immediately behind the frontal lobes, and posteriorly evenly and shallowly convex in full-face view, not bordered by a rim or flange, the eyes visible. Maximum width of eye approximately equal to the maximum width of antennal scape, 3 - 4 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes subcylindrical, curved and narrowed near the base. Leading edge of scapes equipped with an apically directed row of appressed, fine filiform hairs. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with curved narrow filiform ground-pilosity that is longer and more conspicuous than hairs on leading edge of scape. The upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs which are similar in shape and size as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 6 standing narrow filiform hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal dorsum with an elongate fine flagellate hair at humeral angles. Mesonotum with a pair of standing narrow remiform hairs on anterior margin and a shorter more posteriorly situated pair of erect filiform hairs (some paratypes with 2 pairs posterior of pair on anterior margin). Propodeum with one pair of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Dorsal promesonotum with ground-pilosity that is similar in size and shape as on cephalic dorsum. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and posteriorly gently sloping to the declivity. Metanotal groove shallowly impressed. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum with a thin carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a small circular notch. Propodeal tooth triangular, spongiform, pointed apically, and subtended by an inconspicuous, very narrow infradental lamella. Promesonotal dorsum rugulose to reticulate-punctate. Propodeal dorsum superficially areolate. Sides of pronotum punctuate to faintly punctulate. Pleurae and sides of propodeum glassy smooth, punctate peripherally. Discs of petiole reticulate-punctate. Postpetiolar disc with faint fine punctulate sculpture. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle an irregular, narrow strip across the base of the peduncle, its deepest point less than maximum width of eye. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole moderately developed. Basigastral costulae long and sharply defined, radiating on each side of a broad central clear area, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surface of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with numerous standing filiform hairs which are slightly thickened apically. Lateral margins of first gastral tergite with appressed fine hairs. Colour light brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 1.9 - 2.1, HL 0.44 - 0.48, HW 0.34 - 0.36, CI 73 - 81, ML 0.25 - 0.27, MI 53 - 58, SL 0.29 - 0.31, SI 81 - 90, PW 0.22 - 0.25, AL 0.48 - 0.51 (7 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, 15 deg. 34 min. S, 50 deg. 00 min. E, 825 m, 2.xii.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), rainforest, #976 (15)-11 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 1 worker with same data as holotype and 6 workers with same data as holotype but coded (10)-9, (21)-14, (25)-12, (31)-12 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: Beforona 500 m (A. Peyrieras).
[p]Measurements of this specimen slightly extend the range shown by the types series: HW 0.33, CI 72, but otherwise match the types in all diagnostic characters (1 measured).
diagnosis
[p]S. lexex and livens are distinguished from other members of the scotti-complex by having: dorsum of pronotum without erect hairs except for flagellate pair on humeral angles, mesonotum with 2 or 3 pairs of erect hairs, and the ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle in profile an irregular, narrow strip across the base of the peduncle.
[p]S. lexex is distinguished form livens and from other members of the scotti-complex by the presence of appressed fine hairs on the lateral margins of first gastral tergite (absent in livens). In addition, the postpetiole has numerous hairs of variable length in lexex while livens has three pairs of erects hairs of similar length. See also under glycon for further discussion.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys livens [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.4, HL 0.57, HW 0.45, CI 79, ML 0.31, MI 54, SL 0.37, SI 83, PW 0.27, AL 0.60. Characters of scotti-complex. Mandibles in full face view with outer margins very shallowly and evenly convex, the width of the blade approximately constant from the level of the proximal preapical tooth to near the base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth, the proximal longer and stouter than the distal, both teeth within the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin shallowly concave immediately behind the frontal lobes, posteriorly evenly and shallowly convex in full-face view, not bordered by a rim or flange except immediately behind the frontal lobes, the eyes visible. Maximum width of eye approximately equal or slightly larger than the maximum width of antennal scape, 5 - 6 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes subcylindrical, curved and narrowed near the base. Leading edge of scapes equipped with an apically directed row of slender hairs which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with short, slender filiform ground-pilosity. The upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs which are more sharply curved but otherwise similar in shape and size as those on the leading edge of the scape. Cephalic dorsum with 6 standing filiform hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal dorsum with an elongate fine flagellate hair at humeral angles. Mesonotum with a pair of standing filiform to narrowly remiform hairs on anterior margin, a shorter more posteriorly situated pair of erect filiform hairs, and with an even shorter pair of erect fine hairs on posterior margin. Propodeum with one pair of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Dorsal alitrunk with inconspicuous, sparse, appressed fine ground-pilosity. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and posteriorly gently sloping to the declivity. Metanotal groove shallowly impressed. Humeral angles bluntly marginate. Anterior mesonotum with a thin carina above a narrow mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a small circular notch. Propodeal tooth triangular, spongiform, pointed apically, and subtended by an very narrow infradental lamella. Pronotal dorsum longitudinally rugulose-striolate. Mesonotal and propodeal dorsum reticulate-punctate. Sides of alitrunk glassy smooth. Discs of petiole reticulate-punctate. Postpetiolar disc more or less smooth, faintly longitudinally striolate. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle a narrow irregular strip across the base of the peduncle, usually widest in the posterior third, the deepest point in the anterior two-thirds less than or approximately equal to the maximum width of eye. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole moderately developed. Basigastral costulae short and sharply defined, radiating on each side of a broad central clear area, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Petiolar disc with two pairs of filiform hairs, postpetiole with three pairs of erects hairs of similar length, dorsal surface of gaster with standing filiform hairs which are slightly thickened apically. Colour light brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.2 - 2.6, HL 0.51 - 0.60, HW 0.42 - 0.47, CI 77 - 82, ML 0.28 - 0.33, MI 53 - 56, SL 0.35 - 0.40, SI 82 - 86, PW 0.23 - 0.30, AL 0.56 - 0.65 (6 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 40 km S Ambalavao, Res. Andringitra, 22 deg. 13 min. S, 46 deg. 58 min. E, 1275 m, 15.x.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold rotten wood), montane rainforest #793 (4)-9 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 7 workers and 2 queens (dealate) with same data as holotype but coded (7)-7, (8)-10, (9)-10, (10)-11, (20)-9, (34)-9 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: 40 km S Ambalavao, Res. Andringitra 1275 m (B.L. Fisher); 8.0 km NE Ivohibe, 1200 m (S. Razafimandimby); 6.5 km ESE Ivohibe, R. S. Ivohibe, 1575 m (S. Razafimandimby). As type material.
diagnosis
[p]S. livens is closely related to lexex. See under the later for discussion of distinguishing characters.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys lucomo [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.3, HL 0.52, HW 0.43, CI 83, ML 0.22, MI 42, SL 0.29, SI 67, PW 0.27, AL 0.56. Characters of scotti-complex. Mandibles in full face view short, with outer margins shallowly and evenly convex, blades sharply narrowed at base. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth, the proximal longer and stouter than the distal, both teeth within the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin evenly and shallowly convex in full-face view, not bordered by a rim or flange, the
----- Page 689 -----eyes visible. Maximum width of eye approximately equal to the maximum width of antennal scape, 3 - 4 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes subcylindrical, curved and narrowed near base. Leading edge of scapes equipped with an apically directed row of slender hairs which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with short, slender filiform ground-pilosity which are thickened apically. The upper scrobe margin fringed with sharply curved hairs which are flattened or spoon-shaped apically and are similar in size as those on the leading edge of the scape. Cephalic dorsum with 6 standing filiform hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal dorsum with an elongate fine flagellate hair at humeral angles and with one or more pairs of short suberect or erect hairs on the central dorsal disc. Mesonotum with three pairs of hairs: a pair of standing filiform to narrowly remiform hairs on anterior margin, a shorter more posteriorly situated pair of erect filiform hairs, and with an even shorter pair of erect fine hairs on posterior margin. Hairs on promesonotal dorsum appear easily abraded and are broken or missing in many of the paratype specimens. Propodeum with one pair of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Ground-pilosity as on head but the hairs are sparser. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and posteriorly shallowly convex and gently sloping to the declivity. Metanotal groove shallowly impressed. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum without a conspicuous carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a small circular notch. Propodeal tooth triangular, spongiform, lamellate, pointed apically, and subtended by an narrow infradental lamella that is continuos across the declivity. Pronotal dorsum and sides longitudinally rugulose-striolate. Mesonotal and propodeal dorsum reticulate-punctate. Sides of pleurae and propodeum smooth and peripherally punctulate. Discs of petiole reticulate-punctate. Postpetiolar disc more or less smooth, faintly longitudinally striolate laterally. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle a narrow irregular strip across the base of the peduncle with a ventrally directed narrow triangular spiniform tooth at anterior end, the deepest point of the curtain (excluding tooth) less than the maximum width of eye. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole moderately developed. Basigastral costulae well developed and sharply defined, radiating on each side of a central area that includes shorter less developed costulae, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surface of petiole, postpetiole, and gaster with standing filiform hairs which are slightly thickened apically. Colour light brown.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.0 - 2.3, HL 0.49 - 0.52, HW 0.38 - 0.43, CI 75 - 85, ML 0.22 - 0.23, MI 43 - 45, SL 0.27 - 0.29, SI 66 - 75, PW 0.24 - 0.29, AL 0.50 - 0.58 (8 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Toliara, southern Isoky-Vohimena Forest, 59 km NE Sakaraha, 22 deg. 41 min. S, 44 deg. 50 min. E, 730 m, 21.i.1996, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood) tropical dry forest #1312 (50)-1 (S. Razafimandimby) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 17 workers and 1 queen (dealate) with same data as holotype but coded (1)-5, (2)-2, (3)-3, (4)-4, (5)-4, (6)-5, (18)-4, (22)-2, (24)-3, (26)-2, (29)-2, (35)-4, (36)-3, (40)-1, (48)-2 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: Res. Ankarana 150 m (P.S. Ward); Nosy Be Lokobe Forest 500 m (Alpert et al.); R. S. Manongarivo, 10.8 km 229 deg. SW Antanambao, 400 m (B.L. Fisher); Cause de Kelifely (A. Peyrieras); 48 km ENE Morondava 30 m (D. M. Olson); southern Isoky-Vohimena Forest 730 m (S. Razafimandimby).
description:
[p] Measurements of these specimens extend the range shown by the types series: HL 0.46 - 0.49, HW 0.37 - 0.40, ML 0.21 - 0.24, MI 45 - 49, SL 0.26 - 0.31, SI 68 - 82 (7 measured). Specimens examined from localities other than Isoky-Vohimena lack the central short costulae at the base of the first gastral tergite and have a central clear area. In addition, specimens from Ankarana and Lokobe differ in having slightly thinner mandibles in profile and having only 2 pairs of hairs on the mesonotum but otherwise are similar to the type material. I view their placement in lucomo as tentative and must be reassessed when additional collections from the west of Madagascar are made available.
diagnosis
[p]S. lucomo and lura form a pair of closely related species within the scotti-complex. They both have the dorsum of pronotum with 1 or more pairs of erect hairs in addition to a flagellate pair at humeral angles, mesonotum with 2 or 3 pairs of erect hairs, and the ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle in profile an irregular, narrow strip across the base of the peduncle.
[p]S. lucomo can be distinguished from lura by the presence of a ventrally directed triangular tooth at the anterior end of the ventral spongiform lamella of petiolar peduncle
----- Page 690 -----when viewed in profile. In profile anterior end of ventral spongiform lamella of petiolar peduncle of lura is at most a small rounded. In addition, the infradental lamella on the propodeal declivity of lucomo is narrow but conspicuous and continuos across the declivity while in lura the infradental lamella is not conspicuous. See under glycon for further discussion.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys lura [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 1.8, HL 0.44, HW 0.33, CI 76, ML 0.22, MI 50, SL 0.27, SI 82, PW 0.22, AL 0.47. Characters of scotti-complex. Mandibles in full face view short, with outer margins shallowly and evenly convex, blades sharply narrowed at base. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth, the proximal longer and stouter than the distal, both teeth within the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin evenly and shallowly convex in full-face view, not bordered by a rim or flange, the eyes visible. Maximum width of eye approximately equal to the maximum width of antennal scape, 4 - 5 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes subcylindrical, curved and narrowed near base. Leading edge of scapes equipped with an apically directed row of slender hairs which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with short, slender filiform ground-pilosity which are thickened apically. The upper scrobe margin fringed with sharply curved hairs which are flattened or spoon-shaped apically and are similar in size as those on the leading edge of the scape. Cephalic dorsum with 6 standing filiform hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal dorsum with an elongate fine flagellate hair at humeral angles and with usually two pairs of short suberect or erect hairs on the central dorsal disc. Mesonotum with three pairs of hairs: a pair of standing filiform to narrowly remiform hairs on anterior margin, a shorter more posteriorly situated pair of erect filiform hairs, and with an even shorter pair of erect fine hairs on posterior margin (pair on posterior margin absent in some paratype material). Hairs on promesonotal dorsum appear easily abraded and are broken or missing in many of the paratype specimens. Propodeum with one pair of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Ground-pilosity as on head but the hairs are sparser. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and more or less flat posteriorly. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum without a conspicuous carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a small circular notch. Propodeal tooth triangular, spongiform, lamellate, pointed apically, and subtended by a very narrow infradental lamella that is continuos across the declivity. Pronotal dorsum and sides longitudinally striolate with superficial punctulate sculpture. Mesonotal and propodeal dorsum reticulate-punctate. Sides of pleurae and propodeum smooth and peripherally punctulate. Discs of petiole reticulate-punctate. Anterior face of petiole with narrow lamellate, anteriorly projecting ridge at lateral margins. Postpetiolar disc more or less smooth. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle a narrow irregular strip across the base of the peduncle, the deepest point of the tissue approximately equal to or less than the maximum width of eye. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole moderately developed. Basigastral costulae well developed and sharply defined, radiating on each side of a central clear area, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surface of petiole, postpetiole, and gaster with standing filiform hairs which are slightly thickened apically. Colour light brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 1.8 - 19, HL 0.43 - 0.45, HW 0.33 - 0.35, CI 75 - 79, ML 0.21 - 0.24, MI 48 - 53, SL 0.26 - 0.27, SI 75 - 80, PW 0.21 - 0.22, AL 0.45 - 0.50 (7 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe 15 deg. 40 min. S, 49 deg. 58 min. E, 425 m, 21.xi.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), rainforest, #926 (27)-11 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 8 workers and 1 queen (dealate) with same data as holotype but coded: (5)-5, (23)-12, (28)-12, (35)-11, (40)-17 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar: Marojejy, 375 m (G.D. Alpert); 6.5 km SSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud 875 m (B.L. Fisher); 9.2 km WSW Befingotra, Res. Anjanaharibe-Sud, 1200 m (B.L. Fisher); 19 km ESE Maroantsetra 350 m (P.S. Ward); 1 km W Andampibe, Cap Masoala, 125 m (Alpert et al.); Fotodriana, Cap Masoala, 25 m (Alpert et al.); 14 km W Cap Est, Ambato, 100 m (G.D. Alpert); 6.3 km S Ambanizana 25 m (B.L. Fisher); Nosy Mangabe 300 m (P.S. Ward); S. F. Tampolo 10 m (B.L. Fisher); Vanjamanitra, 8 km S. E. Anjozorobe, 1380 m (J. -M. Betsch); Ankarongambe 1050 m (J. -M. Betsch); Andranobé, Route d'Andriamena, Ca. 25 km W Morarano Sud ca 1250 m (A. Peyrieras); F.C. Sandranantitra 450 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); Ambohitantely, 1550 m (J. -M. Betsch); F.C. Didy 960 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); F.C. Andrianantantely 530 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); P.N. Mantadia 895 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); Rte. d’Anosibe, Km 33 (A. Peyrieras); 6 km ESE Andasibe, 900 m (P.S. Ward), Perinet (Noyes and Day).
----- Page 691 -----description:
[p] Measurements of these specimens extend the range shown by the types series: HL 0.42 - 0.52, HW 0.33 - 0.39, CI 74 - 81, ML 0.20 - 0.27, MI 47 - 53, SL 0.25 - 0.32, SI 75 - 86 (20 measured). As in the type specimens, the number of pairs of hairs on the mesonotum vary between 2 and 3 on the nonparatype material
diagnosis
[p]S. lura is closely related to lucomo; see under the later for discussion.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys odacon [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.1, HL 0.51, HW 0.39, CI 77, ML 0.22, MI 44, SL 0.31, SI 78, PW 0.25, AL 0.52. Characters of scotti-complex. Mandibles in full face view short,
----- Page 692 -----with outer margins shallowly and evenly convex, blades sharply narrowed at base. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth, the proximal longer and stouter than the distal, both teeth within the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin evenly and shallowly convex in full-face view, not bordered by a rim or flange, the eyes visible. Maximum width of eye approximately equal to the maximum width of antennal scape, 3 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes subcylindrical, curved and narrowed near base. Leading edge of scapes equipped with an apically directed row of slender hairs which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with erect to suberect filiform ground-pilosity. The upper scrobe margin fringed with sharply curved hairs which are flattened or spoon-shaped apically and are similar in size to slightly larger than those on the leading edge of the scape. Cephalic dorsum with 6 standing filiform hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal dorsum with an elongate fine flagellate hair at humeral angles. Mesonotum with two pairs of filiform hairs: a pair on the anterior margin and a shorter more posteriorly situated pair. Propodeum with one pair of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines which are more or less as long as spines. Ground-pilosity on dorsal pronotum as on head, pilosity inconspicuous on remainder of alitrunk. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and more or less flat posteriorly. Metanotal grove shallowly impressed. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum without a conspicuous carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a small circular notch. Propodeal tooth triangular, spongiform, lamellate, pointed apically, and subtended by a very narrow infradental lamella that is continuos across the declivity. Pronotal dorsum longitudinally striolate with superficial punctulate sculpture. Mesonotal and propodeal dorsum reticulate-punctate. Sides of pronotum superficially longitudinally striolate. Sides of pleurae and propodeum glassy smooth and peripherally punctulate. Discs of petiole reticulate-punctate. Postpetiolar disc with superficial longitudinally striolate sculpture. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle a well developed curtain that is continuos across the base of the peduncle and equal or greater in width than the maximum width of eye. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole moderately developed. Basigastral costulae well developed and sharply defined, radiating on each side of a broad central clear area, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surface of petiole, postpetiole, and gaster with standing filiform hairs which are slightly thickened apically. Colour light brown.[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.0 - 2.2, HL 0.48 - 0.51, HW 0.37 - 0.41, CI 76 - 81, ML 0.22 - 0.25, MI 44 - 0.51, SL 0.29 - 0.31, SI 72 - 78, PW 0.23 - 0.25, AL 0.51 - 0.54 (9 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 40 km S Ambalavao, Res. Andringitra, 22 deg. 13 min. S, 46 deg. 58 min. E, 1275 m, 15.x.1993, sifted litter (leaf mold rotten wood), montane rainforest #793 (50)-8 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 9 workers and 2 ergatogynes with same data as holotype but coded (14)-9, (29)-7, (30)-8, (35)-5, (37)-8, (42)-10, (46)-4 5 (BMNH, SAM).
diagnosis
[p]See under glycon and langrandi for discussion of diagnostic characters.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys origo [author] Fisher [status] sp. n. (Fig. 403)description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.2, HL 0.50, HW 0.39, CI 78, ML 0.25, MI 49, SL 0.30, SI 78, PW 0.26, AL 0.54. Characters of scotti-complex. Mandibles in full face view short, with outer margins shallowly and evenly convex, blades sharply narrowed at base. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth, the proximal longer and stouter than the distal, both teeth within the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin evenly and shallowly convex in full-face view, not bordered by a rim or flange, the eyes visible. Maximum width of eye slightly larger than the maximum width of antennal scape, 4 - 5 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes subcylindrical, curved and narrowed near base. Leading edge of scapes equipped with an apically directed row of slender hairs which are flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with erect to suberect filiform ground-pilosity. The upper scrobe margin fringed with sharply curved hairs which are similar in shape and size or slightly larger than those on the leading edge of the scape. Cephalic dorsum with 6 standing filiform hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal dorsum with an elongate fine flagellate hair at humeral angles and with one pair of standing hairs on the central dorsal disc. Mesonotum with three pairs of standing filiform to narrowly remiform hairs: a pair on anterior margin, a pair situated central laterally, and a pair on posterior margin. Propodeum with one pair of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Ground-pilosity on dorsal alitrunk inconspicuous and more or less absent, consisting of short suberect to decumbent fine filiform hairs. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline convex anteriorly and more or less flat to shallowly convex posteriorly. Metanotal groove without a conspicuous impression. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum with a narrow carina above the mesothoracic spiracle; mesopleural hair organ set in a small circular notch. Propodeal tooth triangular, spongiform, lamellate, pointed apically, and subtended by a narrow infradental lamella. Pronotal dorsum longitudinally striolate. Mesonotal and propodeal dorsum reticulate-punctate. Sides of pronotum superficially longitudinally striolate. Sides of pleurae and propodeum glassy smooth and peripherally punctulate. Discs of petiole reticulate-punctate. Postpetiolar disc more or less smooth. In profile ventral spongiform tissue of petiolar peduncle a well developed curtain that is continuos across the base of the peduncle and equal or greater in width than the maximum width of eye. Ventral spongiform tissue of postpetiole well developed. Basigastral costulae well developed and sharply defined, radiating on each side of a broad central clear area, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surface of petiole, postpetiole, and gaster with standing filiform hairs which are slightly thickened apically. Colour light brown.
[p]PARATYPE WORKERS. TL 2.1, HL 0.49 - 0.51, HW 0.38 - 0.40, CI 74 - 82, ML 0.24 - 0.25, MI 48 - 50, SL 0.29 - 0.30, SI 73 - 79, PW 0.24 - 0.26, AL 0.51 - 0.54 (4 measured). As holotype.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: 10 km NW Enakara, Rés. Andohahela 24 deg. 34 min. S, 46 deg. 49 min. E, 430 m, 24.xi.1992, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood, rainforest #522 (17)-4 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
[p]Paratypes. 4 workers and 2 queens (dealate) with same data as holotype but coded (2)-3, (3)-2, (7)-2, (9)-5, (18)-25 (BMNH, SAM).
[p]Non-paratypic material examined. Madagascar:
[p]R.S. Manongarivo, 12.8 km 228° SW Antanambao 780 m (B.L. Fisher); Marojejy R.N.I. #12 375 m (G.D. Alpert); Marojejy 600 m (J. M. Betsch); 6.5 km SSW Befingotra, Rés. Anjanaharibe-Sud 875 m (B.L. Fisher); 19 km ESE Maroantsetra 350 m (P.S. Ward); 6.9 km NE Ambanizana, Ambohitsitondroina 825 m (B.L. Fisher); 5.3 km SSE Ambanizana, Andranobe 425 m (B.L. Fisher); 1km W Andampibe, Cap Masoala 125 m (Alpert et al.); F.C. Didy 960 m (H. J. Ratsirarson); For. d'Ankarongambe, 10 km E. Ambohidray, 900 m (J. M. Betsch); F.C. Andriantantely 530 m (H. J. Ratsirarson); 10km NE Antananarivo, Sacred Forest 1360 m (Alpert et al.); Andasibe 800 m, 870 m (Alpert et al.); Perinet and vic. m (W.L. Brown); 16 km S Moramanga (P.S. Ward); ; Col des Tapias 1550 m (J. M. Betsch); Itremo Mts. 1630 m (A. Peyrieras); Massif de l'Itremo 1630 m (J. M. Betsch); 7 km W Ranomafana National Park 900 m (W. E. Steiner); Ranomafana Nat. Park, Miaranony Forest 700 m (E. Rajeriarison); 3 km W Ranomafana, nr. Ifandiana 950 m (P.S. Ward); 45km S. Ambalavao 785 m (B.L. Fisher); 43 km S Ambalavao, Rés. Andringitra 825 m (B.L. Fisher); Ambalamarovandava, 1550 m (J. M. Betsch); 8.0 km NE Ivohibe 1200 m (S. Razafimandimby); 9.0 km NE Ivohibe 900 m (S. Razafimandimby); R.S. Ivohibe, 7.5 km ENE Ivohibe 900 m (S. Razafimandimby); R.S. Ivohibe 8.0 km E Ivohibe 1200 m (S. Razafimandimby); Anosyennes Mts. 600 m (J. M. Betsch); 13 km NW Enakara, Rés. Andohahela 1250 m (B.L. Fisher); 10 km NW Enkara, Rés Andohahela 420 m (B.L. Fisher); 6km SSW Eminiminy Reserve, Andohahela 250 m (G.D. Alpert); Rés. Andohahela, 6 km SSW Eminiminy 330 m (P.S. Ward); 6 km ESE Imonty, Res. Andohahela 1000 m (Alpert et al.); 2.7 km WNW 302° Ste. Luce 20 m (B.L. Fisher); Mandena, 8.4 km NNE 30° Tolagnaro 20 m (B.L. Fisher).
description:
[p] . Measurements of these specimens extend the range shown by the types series: HL 0.41 - 0.55, HW 0.33 - 0.45, CI 75 - 83, ML 0.20 - 0.28, MI 46 - 53, SL 0.25 - 0.36, SI 74 - 86 (14 measured).
diagnosis
[p]S. origo is a widespread and commonly collected species. Among the scotti-complex species with the dorsum of petiole node reticulate-punctate, origo can be distinguished by having:
[p]1) Mesonotum with 3 pairs of erect hairs.
----- Page 693 -----[p]2) Pronotum with one pair of long erect hairs on central disc.
[p]3) In profile ventral spongiform curtain of petiolar peduncle well developed, entire width of curtain more or less greater than maximum width of eye.
[p]4) Cephalic ground-pilosity erect or suberect.
[p]See under glycon for further discussion.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys ravola [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.3, HL 0.54, HW 0.44, CI 81, ML 0.22, MI 41, SL 0.33, SI 76, PW 0.28, AL 0.56. Characters of scotti-complex. Mandibles in full face view with outer margins shallowly and evenly convex, the width of the blade gradually decreasing from near the base to the apical teeth. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 stout spiniform teeth; without intercalary teeth or denticles between apical fork teeth. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical spiniform teeth, the proximal longer and slightly stouter than the distal, both teeth within the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin evenly and shallowly convex in full-face view, not bordered by a rim or flange. The eyes small, not visible in full-face view; maximum width of eye smaller than maximum width of antennal scape, 2-3 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes short, stout, shallowly and gently curved and with their leading edges equipped with an apically directed row of spatulate or spoon-shaped
----- Page 694 -----hairs. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with curved narrow spatulate to spoon-shaped ground-pilosity, the upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs which are the same shape and size as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 6 clavate standing hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate with superimposed longitudinal or oblique rugulae; the top surface of the rugulae with a beaded appearance due to the presence of aligned punctulation. Pronotal humeri each with a single long fine flagellate hair. Mesonotum with 2 pair of erect clavate hairs. Propodeum with 2 pairs of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Dorsal alitrunk with ground-pilosity as on head. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline more or less flat. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum with a narrow carina above mesothoracic spiracle. Propodeal tooth broadly triangular, spongiform, lamellate, pointed apically, subtended by a moderate infradental lamella. Alitrunk dorsum and sides of pronotum densely reticulate-punctate, dorsal pronotum with short rugulose sculpture. Pleurae mostly smooth and shiny with reticulate-punctate sculpture peripherally. Petiole reticulate-punctate; postpetiole smooth and shining. Spongiform appendages of pedicel segments moderately developed. In profile the petiole with a straight ventral strip that is approximately equal to the maximum width of eye. Postpetiole with moderately developed ventral and lateral spongiform lobes. Basigastral costulae arising on each side of a narrow, central clear area, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with standing clavate to remiform hairs. First gastral sternite, including anterior half, with numerous short suberect filiform hairs. Colour light brown.materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Toamasina, P.N. Mantadia 18 deg. 47.5 min. S, 48 deg. 25.6 min. E, 895 m 25.xi.-1.xii.1998, ground forager(s), rainforest,, #25-2 (H.J. Ratsirarson) (MCZ).
diagnosis
[p]S. ravola is distinguished from other species in the scotti-complex by having the cephalic dorsum reticulate-punctate with superimposed longitudinal or oblique rugulae, the top surface of the rugulae with a beaded appearance due to the presence of aligned punctulation. See langrandi for further discussion.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys rubigus [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 2.9, HL 0.63, HW 0.48, CI 76, ML 0.32, MI 50, SL 0.40, SI 83, PW 0.34, AL 0.71. Characters of scotti-complex. Mandibles in full face view with outer margins shallowly and evenly convex, the width of the blade gradually decreasing from near the base to the apical teeth. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 stout spiniform teeth; without intercalary teeth or denticles between apical fork teeth. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical spiniform teeth, the proximal longer and slightly stouter than the distal, both teeth within the apical third of the length of the blade. Upper scrobe margin evenly and shallowly convex in full-face view, not bordered by a rim or flange, the eyes visible. Maximum width of eye slightly smaller than maximum width of antennal scape, 3-4 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes short, stout, shallowly and gently curved and with their leading edges equipped with an apically directed row of spatulate or spoon-shaped hairs. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with curved narrow spatulate to spoon-shaped ground-pilosity, the upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs which are the same shape and size as those on the dorsum. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal humerus with a fine flagellate hair (absent on left humerus of type). Mesonotum with 1 pair of erect clavate hairs, located at anterior margin; shorter hairs which are curved toward the midline present posterior to this pair. Propodeum with 2 pairs of short, fine, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Dorsal alitrunk with ground-pilosity as on head. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline very shallowly convex anteriorly and more or less flat posteriorly; posterior portion of mesonotum only slightly depressed below the anterior margin of propodeum. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum without a carina above mesothoracic spiracle. Propodeal tooth broadly triangular, spongiform, lamellate, pointed apically, and subtended by a moderate infradental lamella. Alitrunk dorsum, and petiole densely reticulate-punctate. Side of alitrunk mostly with punctate sculpture, except for katepisternum which is smooth and shiny. Postpetiole smooth and shining. Spongiform appendages of pedicel segments moderately developed. In profile the petiole with a straight ventral strip that is slightly less in width than maximum width of eye. Postpetiole with moderately developed ventral spongiform lobes. Basigastral costulae arising on each side of a narrow, central clear area, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with standing clavate to remiform hairs. First gastral sternite, including anterior half, with numerous short suberect filiform hairs. Colour light brown.
materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Toamasina, F.C. Andrianantantely, 18 deg. 41.7 min. S, 48 deg. 48.8 min. E, 530 m 4-10.xii.1998, ex rotten log, rainforest, #49-2 (H.J. Ratsirarson) (MCZ).
diagnosis
[p]S. rubigus is distinguished from other species in the scotti-complex with the dorsum of petiole node reticulate-punctate by having the following combination of characters:
[p]1) Mesonotum with only a single pair of erect hairs, located at anterior margin; shorter decumbent hairs may be present posterior to this pair.
[p]2) In full-face view hairs on upper scrobe margin decumbent and sharply bent at basal third, not projecting well beyond the scrobe margin.
[p]3) Anterior half of first gastral sternite with numerous short suberect hairs.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys scotti [author] Forel, 1912[citation] Strumigenys scotti Forel, 1912: 159 Syntype workers, Seychelle Is. Silhouette, Mare aux Cochons, 1000 ft (305 m) (H. Scott) (BMNH; MHN) [examined]. [Brown, 1954: 23; Bolton, 1983: 391 description of worker.]description:
[p]WORKER. TL 2.7 - 3.1, HL 0.64 - 0.70, HW 0.46 - 0.52, CI 70 - 74, ML 0.30 - 0.34, MI 46 - 49, SL 0.39 - 0.47, SI 84 - 92, PW 0.31 - 0.36, AL 0.71 - 0.80 (14 measured). Characters of scotti-complex. Mandible in full-face view with the outer margins very shallowly and evenly convex, the width of the blade approximately constant from the level of the proximal preapical tooth to near the base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 stout teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible with 2 stout preapical teeth which are situated in the apical third of the length of the blade. The proximal preapical tooth slightly longer than the distal. Upper scrobe margin evenly and shallowly convex in full-face view, not bordered by a rim or flange, the eyes visible. Maximum diameter of the eye distinctly greater than the maximum width of the scape, 5 - 6 ommatidia in longest row. Antennal scapes long slender and subcylindrical, only very feebly curved near the base and with their leading edges equipped with a row of slender small hairs which curve towards the apex and which are slightly flattened or spoon-shaped apically. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with curved narrow spatulate to spoon-shaped ground-pilosity, the upper scrobe margins fringed with a dense row of hairs which are the same shape and size as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 6 simple standing hairs arranged in a transverse row of 4 close to the occipital margin and a more anteriorly situated pair. Pronotal humeri each with a single long fine flagellate hair. Mesonotum with a single pair of standing hairs, rarely with one or two pairs of short decumbent filiform hairs situated posteriorly on the mesonotum. Propodeum with one pair of short, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Ground-pilosity on alitrunk as on head but the hairs smaller and sparser. Posterior portion of mesonotum shallowly depressed behind the level of the standing hairs. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum with a narrow carina above the mesothoracic spiracle;
----- Page 695 -----mesopleural hair organ set in a small circular notch. Propodeal tooth triangular, spongiform, lamellate, pointed apically, and subtended by a narrow infradental lamella. Pronotal dorsum longitudinally feebly rugulose and punctate with a longitudinal carina along dorsal midline. Remainder of dorsal alitrunk reticulate-punctate. Sides of alitrunk superficially punctulate peripherally, the pleurae mostly smooth. Petiole node in dorsal view reticulate-punctate and at least as long as broad, often longer than broad. Postpetiole smooth and shining. Spongiform appendages of pedicel segments well developed, the petiole with a ventral strip and conspicuous lateral lobe on the node. Postpetiole with large lateral and ventral spongiform lobes of which the ventral is the larger, about as large as the exposed area of the postpetiolar disc in profile. In dorsal view the spongiform material not or only very slightly projecting beyond the lateral outline of the disc. Basigastral costulae arising on each side of a central clear area. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with standing hairs which are simple or very slightly thickened apically. Colour yellowish brown to medium brown.materials_examined
[p]MATERIAL EXAMINED
[p]Seychelles: Silhouette I. (H. Scott). Madagascar: R.S. Manongarivo, 14.5 km 220 deg. SW Antanambao, 1175 m (B.L. Fisher); Marojejy, 375 m (Alpert et al.); 17 km W Andapa, Res. d’Anjanaharibe-Sud, 875 m (G.D. Alpert); Nosy Mangabe, 300 m (P.S. Ward); 1 km W Andampibe, Cap Masoala, 125 m (G.D. Alpert); F.C. Didy 960 m (H. J. Ratsirarson); F.C. Andrianantantely 530 m (H.J. Ratsirarson); Tananarive, Botanical Garden (P. Saranya); Perinet (W.L. Brown); 27.4 km S Ambositra, 1600 m (B.L. Fisher); 3 km W Ranomafana, 950 m (P.S. Ward); 40 km S Ambalavao, Res. Andringitra, 1275 m (B.L. Fisher); 45 km S Ambalavao, 785 m (B.L. Fisher); R.S. Ivohibe, 7.5 km ENE Ivohibe 900 m (S. Razafimandimby); 8.0 km E Ivohibe, R. S. Ivohibe, 1200 m (S. Razafimandimby); 10 km NW Enakara, Res. Andohahela, 430 m (B.L. Fisher); 13 km NW Enakara, Res. Andohahela, 1250 m (B.L. Fisher).
diagnosis
[p]A widely distributed but easily recognized member of the scotti-complex. Among the species with the dorsum of petiole node reticulate-punctate, scotti is the only member to have:
[p]1) The mesonotum with only a single pair of erect hairs located at anterior margin.
[p]2) A well developed spongiform curtain of petiolar peduncle.
[p]3) A transverse band of appressed spoon-shaped hairs arranged in several rows on the cephalic dorsum immediately behind the clypeus.
[p]4) Postpetiole smooth and shiny, even at lateral margins.
[p]In addition, its large size, HL 0.64 - 0.70, HW 0.46 - 0.52, help identify this species.
Treatment:nomenclature
[name] Strumigenys tegar [author] Fisher [status] sp. n.description:
[p]HOLOTYPE WORKER. TL 3.1, HL 0.75, HW 0.58, CI 77, ML 0.35, MI 46, SL 0.48, SI 83, PW 0.35, AL 0.82. Characters of chroa-complex. Mandibular blades almost straight and at full closure parallel, except at base where the mandibles are somewhat narrowed. Apical fork of each mandible of 2 stout spiniform teeth, without intercalary teeth or denticles. Each mandible blade with 2 preapical teeth; narrow lamella present on masticatory margin of mandible from base of mandibles to proximal preapical tooth; in dorsal view, inner margin of lamella shallowly and evenly convex and more or less confluent at midlength at full closure. Upper scrobe margin evenly and shallowly convex in full-face view, not bordered by a rim or flange; eyes visible. Maximum width of eye slightly larger than maximum width of antennal scape, 5 - 6 ommatidia in longest row (left eye absent in type). Antennal scapes subcylindrical, shallowly and gently curved and with their leading edges equipped with an apically directed row of spatulate or spoon-shaped hairs. Cephalic dorsum densely clothed with curved narrow spatulate to spoon-shaped ground-pilosity, the upper scrobe margin fringed with hairs which are the same shape and size as those on the dorsum. Cephalic dorsum with 4 clavate standing hairs arranged in a transverse row close to the occipital margin. Dorsum of head reticulate-punctate. Pronotal humerus without a projecting hair. Mesonotum with 1 pair of erect clavate hairs, located at anterior margin. Propodeum with 1 pair of short, clavate, posteriorly curved hairs immediately anterior of propodeal spines. Dorsal alitrunk with ground-pilosity as on head, concentrated on promesonotum. Dorsum of alitrunk in outline very shallowly convex anteriorly and more or less flat posteriorly; posterior portion of mesonotum only very slightly depressed below the anterior margin of propodeum. Humeral angles rounded. Anterior mesonotum with a narrow carina above mesothoracic spiracle. Propodeal tooth broadly triangular, short, spongiform,
----- Page 696 -----lamellate, pointed apically, and subtended by a narrow infradental lamella. Alitrunk dorsum and sides densely reticulate-punctate; petiole and postpetiole reticulate-punctate. In profile the petiole with a straight ventral strip that is less than the maximum width of mandible blade. Postpetiole with weakly developed ventral and lateral spongiform lobes. Basigastral costulae fine and numerous, without a central clear area, remainder of gaster smooth and shiny. Dorsal surfaces of petiole, postpetiole and gaster with standing clavate to remiform hairs. Anterior half of first gastral sternite, without suberect hairs. Colour light brown.materials_examined
[p]Holotype worker, Madagascar: Prov. Fianarantsoa, 29 km SSW Ambositra, Ankazomivady, 20 deg. 46.6 min. S, 47 deg. 9.9 min. E, 1700 m, 7.i.1998, sifted litter (leaf mold, rotten wood), montane rainforest #1590 (32)-1 (B.L. Fisher) (MCZ).
diagnosis
[p]S. tegar is distinguished from other species in the chroa-complex by its larger size and a densely reticulate-punctate postpetiole node in dorsal view. See under cabira for further discussion.